Experimental determination of thermal power radiator trademarks "Thermal" (JSC "Zlatmash" production)

Приводятся экспериментальные данные о тепловой мощности радиатора Торговой Марки «ТЕРМАЛЬ», свидетельствующие о перспективности их применения в качестве бытовых радиаторов для отопления гражданских и служебных помещений.The experimental data on the heat capacity of the radiator Trademark "Thermal", indicating the prospect of their use as domestic heating radiators for civil and office space

The effects of material formulation and manufacturing process on mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy/clay nanocomposites

A holistic study was conducted to investigate the combined effect of three different pre-mixing processes, namely mechanical mixing, ultrasonication and centrifugation, on mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy/clay nanocomposites reinforced with different platelet-like montmorillonite (MMT) clays (Cloisite Na+, Cloisite 10A, Cloisite 15 or Cloisite 93A) at clay contents of 3–10 wt%. Furthermore, the effect of combined pre-mixing processes and material formulation on clay dispersion and corresponding material properties of resulting composites was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), flexural and Charpy impact tests, Rockwell hardness tests and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A high level of clay agglomeration and partially intercalated/exfoliated clay structures were observed regardless of clay type and content. Epoxy/clay nanocomposites demonstrate an overall noticeable improvement of up to 10 % in the glass transition temperature (Tg) compared to that of neat epoxy, which is interpreted by the inclusion of MMT clays acting as rigid fillers to restrict the chain mobility of epoxy matrices. The impact strength of epoxy/clay nanocomposites was also found to increase by up to 24 % with the addition of 3 wt% Cloisite Na+ clays. However, their flexural strength and hardness diminished when compared to those of neat epoxy, arising from several effects including clay agglomeration, widely distributed microvoids and microcracks as well as weak interfacial bonding between clay particles and epoxy matrices, as confirmed from TEM and SEM results. Overall, it is suggested that an improved technique should be used for the combination of pre-mixing processes in order to achieve the optimal manufacturing condition of uniform clay dispersion and minimal void contents

CORRELATION BETWEEN CYTOKINE CONTENT IN LYMPH OF THORACIC LYMPH DUCT AND MESENTERIC LYMPH NODE STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN EXPERIMENTAL MAMMARY TUMOR AND CHEMOTHERAPY

The aim of the study was to fulfill correlation analysis of morphometry of the mesenteric lymph nodes and the concentration of cytokines in the lymph of the thoracic duct in breast cancer induced by intramammary administration of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, chemotherapy according to the CMF scheme (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil). The results of the study. At breast cancer revealed positive correlation: in the germinative centers and medullary cords of cytokine IL-5 with mitotically dividing cells, chemokines MIP-1α with average lymphocytes, in the germinative centers of immunoblasts with cytokine GRO/KC, in the paracortical zone chemokine MCP-1 with macrophages, reticular cells with IL-6 and M-CSF, in the medullary sinuses chemokine GRO/KC with small lymphocytes and mature plasma cells (number which decreases). All this may indicate the activity of the local immune response in the lymph nodes aimed on the antitumor protection. After chemotherapy of breast cancer, compared with breast cancer without treatment, revealed positive relationship, which may indicate increased immunomodulatory and antitumor actions of cytokines: correlation of interferon IFNγ with small lymphocytes (number which increased) and macrophages in the germinative centers and mitotically dividing cells in the medullary cords, correlation in the germinative centers of immunoblasts with MIP-1α and increased of number small lymphocytes in T-dependent zone lymph nodes, correlation in medullary cords of interleukin IL-17 with mature plasma cells (number which increased) , correlation of interleukin IL-18 with mature plasma cells in medullary sinuses. Conclusion. Study of the correlation of the concentration of cytokines in the lymph of the thoracic duct with structural changes in the mesenteric lymph nodes revealed dependencies aimed at increasing the immunomodulating and antitumor effects of cytokines

Heat shock proteins in chronic kidney disease

Heat shock proteins (HSP) form a heterogenous, evolutionarily conserved group of molecules with high sequence homology. They mainly act as intracellular chaperones, protecting the protein structure and folding under stress conditions. The extracellular HSP, released in the course of damage or necrosis, play a pivotal role in the innate and adaptive immune responses. They also take part in many pathological processes. The aim of this review is to update the recent developments in the field of HSP in chronic kidney disease (CKD), in regard to three different aspects. The first is the assessment of the role of HSP, either positive or deleterious, in the pathogenesis of CKD and the possibilities to influence its progression. The second is the impact of dialysis, being a potentially modifiable stressor, on HSP and the attempt to assess the value of these proteins as the biocompatibility markers. The last area is that of kidney transplantation and the potential role of HSP in the induction of the immune tolerance in kidney recipients

ФАКТОРЫ РИСКА СИМУЛЬТАННЫХ ОПЕРАЦИЙ ПРИ СОЧЕТАНИИ РАКА ЛЕГКОГО И СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТОЙ ПАТОЛОГИИ

Currently, there is a global trend of growing frequency of concurrent lung malignant tumors and cardiac vascular pathology, in particular, ischemic heard disease. The literature review demonstrates, that development of surgery, anesthesiology and intensive care allows expanding limits for treatment of such patients through simultaneous surgery when lungs and heart are operated at the same time.The article analyzes the personal experience of the authors and international publications, it contemplates on safe performance of simultaneous and multi-organ surgeries, involving respiratory and blood circulation systems, different approaches to surgery, its specific features, benefits, and limitations. Specialists from Russian Surgery Research Center named after B.V. Petrovsky find it preferable to perform simultaneous staged surgery of the lungs, mediastinum and cardiac vascular system. There is a certain sequence of stages. It demonstrates that the first stage may include isolation of abnormal masses of the lung (mediastinum) and lung hilus, if necessary. After that cardiac surgery is performed, and as a final stage, the whole abnormal focus is isolated and resected.В настоящее время во всем мире отмечается тенденция к увеличению частоты встречаемости сочетания злокачественных новообразований легких с сердечно-сосудистой патологией, в частности ишемической болезнью сердца. Анализ литературы показывает, что развитие хирургии, анестезиологии и реаниматологии позволяет расширить границы лечения таких больных путем проведения симультанных операций, когда вмешательство на сердце и легких происходит одновременно.В статье представлен анализ собственного опыта, а также зарубежных авторов, рассмотрены проблемы безопасного проведения сочетанных и мультиорганных операций на органах системы дыхания и кровообращения и варианты подходов к хирургическому лечению, их особенности, преимущества и недостатки. Специалисты РНЦХ считают предпочтительным одномоментное этапное проведение хирургического вмешательства на легком и структурах средостения и сердечно-сосудистой системы. Предусмотрена последовательность этапов. Показано, что первым этапом может выполняться выделение патологических образований легкого (средостения) и корня легкого при необходимости. Затем проводится кардиохирургический этап и в заключение ‒ выделение и удаление всего патологического очага в комплексе

УРОВНИ ГОРМОНОВ, микроРНК И ЦИТОКИНОВ В ЛИМФЕ В НОРМЕ И ПРИ РАКЕ МОЛОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ В ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТЕ

The involvement of hormones, microRNAs and cytokines in breast cancer pathogenesis has been well established. Lymph picks up secretory products of breast cancer cells. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the levels of hormones, microRNAs and cytokines in lymph. Wistar rats were injected with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea to induce breast cancer. The rats were subjected to either surgery alone or chemotherapy alone (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil). In some animals, surgery was followed by chemotherapy. The levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2) and thyroglobulin (TG), microRNA-21, microRNA-221, microRNA-222, microRNA-429 and 24 cytokines were determined. Chemotherapy was shown to result in the reduction in the levels of prolactin, thyroglobulin, FSH and estradiol. In rats with breast cancer, the expression levels of microRNA-21, microRNA-221 and microRNA-222 were increased, and the expression levels of microRNA-429 were decreased. In breast cancer rats, the levels of most cytokines were found to be increased. Correlations between the levels of cytokines, hormones, and microRNAs in lymph were identified. Differences in the expression levels of cytokines, hormones, and microRNAs in lymph with respect to treatment option were detected.Цель исследования – оценка уровней гормонов, микроРНК и цитокинов в лимфе.Материал и методы. Экспериментальный рак молочной железы индуцировали введением N-метил-N-нитрозомочевины у крыс Wistar. Часть животных подвергалась только оперативному вмешательству или только химиотерапии (циклофосфан, метотрексат, 5-фторурацил). У части животных сочетали оперативное вмешательство с последующим курсом ХТ. В лимфе исследовали содержание фолликулостимулирующего гормона (ФСГ), пролактина, лютеинизирующего гормона (ЛГ), эстрадиола (Е2) и тириоглобулина (ТГ), микроРНК-21, микроРНК-221, микроРНК-222, микроРНК-429 и 24 цитокинов.Результаты. Показано, что на фоне ХТ снижаются уровни пролактина, тиреоглобулина, ФСГ и эстрадиола. В группе животных с РМЖ увеличены уровни экспрессии микроРНК-21, микроРНК-221, микроРНК-222 и снижены уровни экспрессии микроРНК-429. При РМЖ в лимфе увеличены уровни большинства цитокинов. Между уровнями в лимфе цитокинов, гормонов и микроРНК определены взаимосвязи. В лимфе выявляются различные уровни цитокинов, гормонов и микроРНК с учетом вида проведенного лечения