Balance and steadiness correction of the upright posture of patients having withstood an ischemic stroke with the help of stabilographic rehabilitation training equipment with biofeedback

The brain ischemic mortality rate in Russia occupies the third position. As a result, a recovery period after an ischemic stroke could undermine social and economic well-being of patients and their close relatives. One of the major consequences of a stroke includes the firm-motor defects. Their degree can be reduced with the help of rehabilitation measures intended to revive the motor function of paralyzed limbs and to train a patient to remain firm upright. A stabilographic rehabilitation training apparatus with biofeedback represents one of the variants of the posture training. This training in a playful way helps a patient to improve the balance and firmness indices of the upright position. This rehabilitation method improved considerably the patients’ clinical and stabilographic indices of the balance and firmness function in comparison with the patients whose programmes did not include this method. A patient could sense better that he/she was standing on the both lower limbs. The sensitivity in the lower limbs was intensifying or reviving. According to the additional stabilographic control tests, the total scatter of the pressure centre and the scatter in the sagittal plane, the rate of the pressure centre movement were decreasing; Romberg coefficient became normal

Dynamic and Static Exercises Differentially Affect Plasma Cytokine Content in Elite Endurance- and Strength-Trained Athletes and Untrained Volunteers

Extensive exercise increases the plasma content of IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and several other cytokines via their augmented transcription in skeletal muscle cells. However, the relative impact of aerobic and resistant training interventions on cytokine production remains poorly defined. In this study, we compared effects of dynamic and static load on cytokine plasma content in elite strength- and endurance-trained athletes vs. healthy untrained volunteers. The plasma cytokine content was measured before, immediately after, and 30 min post-exercise using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pedaling on a bicycle ergometer increased IL-6 and IL-8 content in the plasma of trained athletes by about 4- and 2-fold, respectively. In contrast to dynamic load, weightlifting had negligible impact on these parameters in strength exercise-trained athletes. Unlike IL-6 and IL-8, dynamic exercise had no impact on IL-15 and LIF, whereas static load increases the content of these cytokines by ~50%. Two-fold increment of IL-8 content seen in athletes subjected to dynamic exercise was absent in untrained individuals, whereas the ~50% increase in IL-15 triggered by static load in the plasma of weightlifting athletes was not registered in the control group. Thus, our results show the distinct impact of static and dynamic exercises on cytokine content in the plasma of trained athletes. They also demonstrate that both types of exercises differentially affect cytokine content in plasma of athletes and untrained persons

Changes in the plasma levels of myokines after different physical exercises in athletes and untrained individuals

The influence of dynamic and static load on the plasma level of myokines in strength-and endurance-trained athletes and untrained subjects has been studied. The range of myokines has been found to depend on the type of loads and the level of fitness. Dynamic and static exercises have different effects on the level of myokines in athletes and untrained subjects. The dynamic load increases the level of IL-6 and IL-8 in the plasma of athletes, while the static load increases the concentration of IL-15 and LIF. At the same time, no increase in the level of IL-8 after cyclic loading or in IL-15 after a static load has been observed in the control group. These differences may be based on a number of mechanisms. The cellular composition of skeletal muscles and the phenotypic features of muscle fibers, changing as a result of regular exercise, can modify the processes of myokine production. However, the processes of transcription in muscle fibers are much more important; the most important ones are HIF-1α, [Ca2+]i and [Na+]i/[K+]i-dependent intracellular signaling pathways. The modification of these mechanisms caused by different physical loads and intensity is of great interest since it is a promising way to influence the metabolic processes at the cellular and systemic levels, which is very helpful in both improving athletic performance and correcting metabolic disorders in a number of socially significant diseases

Treadmill training effect on the myokines content in skeletal muscles of mice with a metabolic disorder model

The effect of treadmill training loads on the content of cytokines in mice skeletal muscles with metabolic disorders induced by a 16 week high fat diet (HFD) was studied. The study included accounting the age and biorhythmological aspects. In the experiment, mice were used at the age of 4 and 32 weeks, by the end of the experiment—respectively 20 and 48 weeks. HFD feeding lasted 16 weeks. Treadmill training were carried out for last 4 weeks six times a week, the duration 60 min and the speed from 15 to 18 m/min. Three modes of loading were applied. The first subgroup was subjected to stress in the morning hours (light phase); the second subgroup was subjected to stress in the evening hours (dark phase); the third subgroup was subjected to loads in the shift mode (the first- and third-weeks treadmill training was used in the morning hours, the second and fourth treadmill training was used in the evening hours). In 20-weekold animals, the exercise effect does not depend on the training regime, however, in 48-week-old animals, the decrease in body weight in mice with the shift training regime was more profound. HFD affected muscle myokine levels. The content of all myokines, except for LIF, decreased, while the concentration of CLCX1 decreased only in young animals in response to HFD. The treadmill training caused multidirectional changes in the concentration of myokines in muscle tissue. The IL-6 content changed most profoundly. These changes were observed in all groups of animals. The changes depended to the greatest extent on the training time scheme. The effect of physical activity on the content of IL-15 in the skeletal muscle tissue was observed mostly in 48-week-old mice. In 20-week-old animals, physical activity led to an increase in the concentration of LIF in muscle tissue when applied under the training during the dark phase or shift training scheme. In the HFD group, this effect was significantly more pronounced. The content of CXCL1 did not change with the use of treadmill training in almost all groups of animals. Physical activity, introduced considering circadian rhythms, is a promising way of influencing metabolic processes both at the cellular and systemic levels, which is important for the search for new ways of correcting metabolic disorders

Физиологический мониторинг и мониторинг здоровьесберегающей деятельности в процессе физического воспитания студентов

The enhancement of physical education of students under conditions of humanization of education assumes, first, the organization of monitoring, which is a part of the education process and is oriented at the permanent observation, evaluation, analysis, and correction of this process and its results. Second, the results of the monitoring are the starting point for the projection, formation, and correction of the education process through the change of its conditions such as the introduction of differentiation in the need in students’ sport exercises and level differentiation in the degree of formation of motivation to exercises, methodic and physical efficiency. The gathering of combined information about indices of physical education of students will allow the optimization of the efficiency and correction of used physical education programs.Совершенствование физического воспитания студентов в условиях гуманизации образования предполагает, вопервых, организацию мониторинга, который является частью учебно-воспитательного процесса и ориентирован на постоянное отслеживание, оценку, анализ и коррекцию этого процесса и его результатов, во-вторых, результаты мониторинга являются отправным моментом для проектирования, конструирования и коррекции учебно-воспитательного процесса через изменение таких его условий, как введение профильной дифференциации по физкультурно-спортивным потребностям студентов и уровневой дифференциации по степени сформированности мотивации занятий, методической и физической подготовленности. Получение комплексной информации о показателях физической культуры студенческой молодежи позволит оптимизировать оценку эффективности и коррекции содержания применяемых в образовательных учреждениях программ физического воспитания

Кардиоинтервалографическая оценка вегетососудистого баланса у девушек, занимающихся оздоровительной аэробикой

Computer-aided systems for analysis of the cardiac rhythm allow the objective assessment of the functional state and peculiarities of the vegetative provision of functional reserves in an organism, revealing of the states of fatigue and overtraining, objective prediction and correction of the functional readiness to competition, development of the most favorable regime of training and recovery after physical activity.Использование автоматизированных систем анализа сердечного ритма позволяет объективно оценить функциональное состояние, особенности вегетативного обеспечения функциональных резервов организма, выявить состояние утомления и перетренированности, провести объективное прогнозирование и коррекцию функциональной готовности к соревнованиям, разработать наиболее благоприятный режим тренировки и восстановления после физических нагрузок

Содержание эндотелиальной синтазы оксида азота в плазме после физических нагрузок различного характера

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of dynamic and static exercises on eNOS concentrations in the blood plasma of athletes who do cyclic and strength kind of sports, as well as in men, who are not involved in any sports.Materials and methods. Determination of plasma concentrations of eNOS was performed by using enzyme immunoassay. Blood samples were collected from weightlifters and track and field athletes before and after static and dynamic exercises.Results. It has been shown that regular exercises contribute to a significant increase in the background level of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the plasma of athletes. It is necessary to note that eNOS is almost twice higher in the weightlifters than in the track and field athletes. eNOS concentrations significantly decrease in athletes after static exercises , but on the contrary, increase after dynamic exercises. eNOS level rise in untrained individuals occurs after all kinds of exercises, although the influence of dynamic exercises is much more pronounced. Plasma concentrations of eNOS in all groups returned to baseline during the recovery period.These results suggest that the underlying mechanism that regulates the amount of eNOS in the plasma during exercises is associated with vascular factors, first and foremost, with the intensity of regional blood flow and its impact on the endothelium surface. Therefore, this protein cannot be positioned as a representative of a myokine group. Цель. Оценить влияние динамической и статической нагрузки на содержание eNOS в плазме крови у спортсменов, тренирующихся в циклических и силовых видах спорта, а также у мужчин, не занимающихся спортом.Материал и методы. Определение концентрации eNOS в плазме крови производилось методом иммуноферментного анализа. Кровь забиралась до и после статической и динамической нагрузки у спортсменов-тяжелоатлетов и спортсменов-легкоатлетов.Результаты. Показано, что регулярные тренировки способствуют значительному возрастанию фонового уровня эндотелиальной синтазы оксида азота (eNOS) в плазме спортсменов, причем у тяжелоатлетов он почти вдвое выше, чем у легкоатлетов. После нагрузки статического характера у спортсменов концентрация eNOS существенно снижается, а после нагрузки динамического характера – напротив, возрастает. У нетренированных лиц картина иная – возрастание концентрации eNOS происходит после всех видов нагрузки, хотя влияние динамических упражнений выражено гораздо сильнее. Через 30 мин после нагрузки во всех группах наблюдалась тенденция восстановления содержания eNOS к первоначальному уровню.Заключение. Полученные результаты позволяют предполагать, что основной механизм, регулирующий концентрацию eNOS в плазме крови при физических нагрузках, связан с сосудистыми факторами, прежде всего – с интенсивностью регионарного кровотока и его воздействием на поверхность эндотелия. Представленные данные свидетельствуют в пользу предположения, что данный белок не может являться представителем группы миокинов.

Physiological monitoring and monitoring of health-saving activity in the process of physical education of students

The enhancement of physical education of students under conditions of humanization of education assumes, first, the organization of monitoring, which is a part of the education process and is oriented at the permanent observation, evaluation, analysis, and correction of this process and its results. Second, the results of the monitoring are the starting point for the projection, formation, and correction of the education process through the change of its conditions such as the introduction of differentiation in the need in students’ sport exercises and level differentiation in the degree of formation of motivation to exercises, methodic and physical efficiency. The gathering of combined information about indices of physical education of students will allow the optimization of the efficiency and correction of used physical education programs

Dynamic and static exercises differentially affect plasma cytokine content in elite endurance- and strength-trained athletes and untrained volunteers

Extensive exercise increases the plasma content of IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and several other cytokines via their augmented transcription in skeletal muscle cells. However, the relative impact of aerobic and resistant training interventions on cytokine production remains poorly defined. In this study, we compared effects of dynamic and static load on cytokine plasma content in elite strength- and endurance-trained athletes vs. healthy untrained volunteers. The plasma cytokine content was measured before, immediately after, and 30 min post-exercise using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pedaling on a bicycle ergometer increased IL-6 and IL-8 content in the plasma of trained athletes by about 4- and 2-fold, respectively. In contrast to dynamic load, weightlifting had negligible impact on these parameters in strength exercise-trained athletes. Unlike IL-6 and IL-8, dynamic exercise had no impact on IL-15 and LIF, whereas static load increases the content of these cytokines by ~50%. Two-fold increment of IL-8 content seen in athletes subjected to dynamic exercise was absent in untrained individuals, whereas the ~50% increase in IL-15 triggered by static load in the plasma of weightlifting athletes was not registered in the control group. Thus, our results show the distinct impact of static and dynamic exercises on cytokine content in the plasma of trained athletes. They also demonstrate that both types of exercises differentially affect cytokine content in plasma of athletes and untrained persons