High nickel deposition at low voltage electroplating process by a combination of anions

This research has been performed to understand the impact of the combination of nickel anions of sulfate (SO4 2- ), and chloride (Cl- ) in the solution towards nickel deposition. The evaluation was performed for the voltage, weight, and efficiency. The electroplating of nickel was performed by chemical cleaning of the specimen surface, nickel deposition in the nickel solution under specific current density, and post-cleaning to remove the residual solution. The nickel solution was consist of sulfate, and chloride anions compared with nickel sulfate solution only. The result showed that the presence of chloride anions in a sulfate solution lowered the voltage, increased the weight of nickel deposition, and increased efficiency compared with the impact on sulfate solution only. The voltage of a solution consisting of chloride and sulfate decreased by more than 30%, compared with sulfate solution only. The weight of nickel deposited on the specimen surface increased clearly. As the number of chloride anions increased, the nickel deposition increased linearly. Interestingly, the highest nickel weight was achieved at a low chloride anion concentration. The heaviest nickel deposited is 0.7 g was achieved under 0.07 A/cm2 and 15 g/l chloride anions. The nickel deposition efficiency in the combination of sulfate and chloride anions is always higher than 80% compared with nickel sulfate solution only

Lactic acid production from date juice using lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 in batch fermentation

Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 was employed as a fermentative organism to convert sugars from date juice into lactic acid. Both glucose and fructose in date juice were fermented directly without any pretreatment. The influences of supplementation of yeast extract and date juice concentration on some fermentation parameters, such as: cell growth rate, sugar conversion, productivity and yield, were investigated using this bacterium in batch fermentation. The results showed that by adding yeast extract about 20g/l in a date juice medium, the maximum specific growth rate of bacteria (μm) enhanced from 0.1229 to 0.1819 g/l. Meanwhile, increasing date juice concentration from 86.6942 to 158.9181 and 229.5367 g/l enhanced the μm from 0.1819 to 0.2107 and 0.1916 g/l, respectively. It indicated that the optimum value for μm is 0.2107 g/l in this concentration range. In the date juice concentration of 158.9181 g/l, the optimum lactic acid can be produced is 117.8301 g/l with yield of 92.685% for 48 h

Lactic acid production from date juice using

Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 was employed as a fermentative organism to convert sugars from date juice into lactic acid. Both glucose and fructose in date juice were fermented directly without any pretreatment. The influences of supplementation of yeast extract and date juice concentration on some fermentation parameters, such as: cell growth rate, sugar conversion, productivity and yield, were investigated using this bacterium in batch fermentation. The results showed that by adding yeast extract about 20g/l in a date juice medium, the maximum specific growth rate of bacteria (μm) enhanced from 0.1229 to 0.1819 g/l. Meanwhile, increasing date juice concentration from 86.6942 to 158.9181 and 229.5367 g/l enhanced the μm from 0.1819 to 0.2107 and 0.1916 g/l, respectively. It indicated that the optimum value for μm is 0.2107 g/l in this concentration range. In the date juice concentration of 158.9181 g/l, the optimum lactic acid can be produced is 117.8301 g/l with yield of 92.685% for 48 h

Kemasan Antistatis Ramah Lingkungan Berbahan Dasar Poli Asam Laktat

Kemasan antistatis digunakan untuk melindungi barang elektronik dari kerusakan fisik, lingkungan, dan terhadap electrostatic discharge (ESD). Conductive Polymer Composites (CPC) merupakan material yang dihasilkan dari penambahan nanopartikel konduktif dengan matriks polimer. Poly lactic acid (PLA) atau dikenal dengan poli asam laktat berpotensi sebagai matriks polimer. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) memiliki konduktivitas listrik yang tinggi dikombinasikan dengan rasio aspek yang besar sehingga kompatibel untuk dijadikan filler CPC. Metode penambahan filler dilakukan dengan melt blending dengan presentase berat filler 0; 0,5; 1; dan 1,5 wt%. Komposit nanomaterial PLA/CNT dikarakterisasi menggunakan uji SEM, FTIR, DSC, dan konduktivitas. Hasil uji SEM dan FTIR menunjukkan bahwa Perubahan konsentrasi filler CNT tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap morfologi dan struktur CPC. Uji DSC menunjukkan penambahan derajat kristalinitas seiring dengan penambahan konsentrasi CNT. Uji konduktivitas menunjukkan CNT meningkatkan nilai konduktivitas PLA. Nilai konduktivitas PLA menjadi 3,949x10-10 S/cm dan 6,019 x 10-7 S/cm setelah ditambahkan oleh CNT dengan presentase berat sebesar 0,5 wt% dan 1 wt% sehingga memenuhi syarat sebagai kemasan antistatis.Antistatic packaging is used to protect electronic goods from physical damage, the environment, and against electrostatic discharge (ESD). Conductive Polymer Composites (CPC) are materials produced from the addition of conductive nanoparticles with a polymer matrix. Poly lactic acid (PLA) has the potential as a polymer matrix. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) that have high electrical conductivity combined with a large aspect ratio making them compatible to be used as CPC fillers. The method of adding filler was done by melt blending with filler concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 wt%. PLA/CNT nanomaterial composites were characterized using SEM, FTIR, DSC, and conductivity tests. The results of the SEM and FTIR tests showed that changes in CNT filler concentration did not have a significant effect on the morphology and structure of CPC. DSC test showed an increase in degree of crystallinity along with the addition of CNT concentration. The conductivity test showed that CNT increased the conductivity value of PLA. The conductivity values of PLA become 3.949 x 10-10 S/cm and 6.019 x 10-7 S/cm after being added by CNT of 0.5 wt% and 1 wt% so that they qualify as antistatic packaging

Modification of poly (lactic acid) through the incorporation of gum rosin and gum rosin derivative: Mechanical performance and hydrophobicity

"This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: De La Rosa-Ramírez, Harrison, Miguel Aldas, José Miguel Ferri, Juan López-Martínez, and María Dolores Samper. 2020. "Modification of Poly (Lactic Acid) through the Incorporation of Gum Rosin and Gum Rosin Derivative: Mechanical Performance and Hydrophobicity." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 137 (44). Wiley: 49346. doi:10.1002/app.49346, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/app.49346. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving."[EN] The modification of PLA by melt compound with gum rosin (GR) and pentaerythritol ester of GR (PEGR) was investigated by studying the mechanical and thermal performance, blends morphology, wettability, and water absorption. Standard testing specimens for characterization were made at a variate resin content of 5, 10, and 15 part per hundred resin (phr) and manufactured by injection molding. It was found that GR and PEGR had a lubricating effect in PLA polymeric chains, resulting in a remarkable increase of 790 and 193% in melt flow index with only 5 phr GR and PEGR contents, respectively. A significant change in more than 10 degrees of increasing water contact angle was observed for PLA with 15 phr PEGR. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals that PEGR led to delayed PLA degradation/decomposition process to higher temperature, increasing the onset temperature (T-5%) in more than 7 degrees C for PLA with 15 phr PEGR.This research was supported by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness-PROMADEPCOL Ref: (MAT2017-84909-C2-2-R). Authors also want to acknowledge the postdoc contract offered to José Miguel Ferri by the Generalitat Valenciana, which project title is "BIONANOCOMPOSITES BASADOS EN MEZCLAS DE PLA Y TPS CON MEMORIA" (APOSTD/2019/122) GENERALITAT VALENCIANA (2019-2021).Rosa-Ramírez, HDL.; Aldás-Carrasco, MF.; Ferri, J.; López-Martínez, J.; Samper, M. (2020). 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