The Utilisation of Shredded PET as Aggregate Replacement for Interlocking Concrete Block

The consumption of plastic has grown substantially all over the world in recent years and this has created huge quantities of plastic-based waste. Plastic waste is now a serious environmental threat to the modern way of living, although steps were taken to reduce its consumption. This creates substantial garbage every day, which is much unhealthy. Plastic bottles such as Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was use as the partially component in this making of interlocking blocks concrete. This project investigates the strength and workability of the interlocking block concrete by replacing course aggregate with % PET. The suitability of recycled plastics (PET) as course aggregate in interlocking block concrete and its advantages are discussed here. Moreover, there were more benefits when using interlocking block than using conventional block such as it easy for construction because they are aligning, easy to place, high speed stacking and they offer more resistance to shear and buildings would be even stronger. Based on the test perform, the failure parameter were discussed .From the compressive strength test result, it shows that the strength of concrete block decreased with increased of PET used. From the results, it shows that higher compressive strength was found with 5% natural course aggregate replaced with PET compared to other percentages

The Utilisation of Shredded PET as Aggregate Replacement for Interlocking Concrete Block

The consumption of plastic has grown substantially all over the world in recent years and this has created huge quantities of plastic-based waste. Plastic waste is now a serious environmental threat to the modern way of living, although steps were taken to reduce its consumption. This creates substantial garbage every day, which is much unhealthy. Plastic bottles such as Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was use as the partially component in this making of interlocking blocks concrete. This project investigates the strength and workability of the interlocking block concrete by replacing course aggregate with % PET. The suitability of recycled plastics (PET) as course aggregate in interlocking block concrete and its advantages are discussed here. Moreover, there were more benefits when using interlocking block than using conventional block such as it easy for construction because they are aligning, easy to place, high speed stacking and they offer more resistance to shear and buildings would be even stronger. Based on the test perform, the failure parameter were discussed .From the compressive strength test result, it shows that the strength of concrete block decreased with increased of PET used. From the results, it shows that higher compressive strength was found with 5% natural course aggregate replaced with PET compared to other percentages

The application of particle swarm optimization in estimating potential evapotranspiration: a brief review

In hydrological cycle, evapotranspiration (ET) is one of the tedious processes to measure. This has caused a massive development of empirical estimation models and the most accurate is Food and Agricultural Organization-56 Penman-Montieth model (FPM-56). The setback of this model is its data demanding which is not applicable at data scarce region and more simple models are preferable. To that avail, evolution of optimization from soft computing, enhancing the performance of simpler empirical models in estimating ET. This paper highlights the application of particle swarm optimization (PSO) in catering the estimation for potential evapotranspiration (ETp). Although the number of papers in literature related to PSO application in hydrology or any other areas increases exponentially, the concerns is soft computing models keep advancing gambling the validity of today's model improvement such ET estimation empirical model. To have a model that pertinent for a long time still needs a calibration from physical direct measurement. Despite all the arguments, a comprehensive AI algorithm is yet to come

Agricultural Innovation and the Role of Institutions : Lessons from the Game of Drones

In 2015, observers argued that the fourth agricultural revolution had been initiated. This article focuses on one part of this high-tech revolution: the origin, development, applications, and user value of unmanned aerial systems (UAS). Institutional changes connected to the UAS innovation are analyzed, based on a Swedish case study. The methods included autoethnography. The theoretical frame was composed by four perspectives: innovation, institutions, sustainability, and ethics. UAS can help farmers cut costs and produce higher quantity with better quality, and also has environmental benefits. However, this promising innovation was exposed to institutional forces and suddenly became subordinated the Act of Camera Surveillance. This study illuminates how legislative institutions can inhibit responsible innovation. The study shows that different ethical perspectives can collide with each other