149 research outputs found

    Distinct DNA methylation epigenotypes in bladder cancer from different Chinese sub-populations and its implication in cancer detection using voided urine

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Bladder cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world and the incidence is particularly high in southwestern Taiwan. Previous studies have identified several tumor-related genes that are hypermethylated in bladder cancer; however the DNA methylation profile of bladder cancer in Taiwan is not fully understood.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In this study, we compared the DNA methylation profile of multiple tumor suppressor genes (<it>APC</it>, <it>DAPK</it>, <it>E-cadherin</it>, <it>hMLH1</it>, <it>IRF8</it>, <it>p14</it>, <it>p15</it>, <it>RASSF1A</it>, <it>SFRP1 </it>and <it>SOCS-1</it>) in bladder cancer patients from different Chinese sub-populations including Taiwan (104 cases), Hong Kong (82 cases) and China (24 cases) by MSP. Two normal human urothelium were also included as control. To investigate the diagnostic potential of using DNA methylation in non-invasive detection of bladder cancer, degree of methylation of <it>DAPK</it>, <it>IRF8</it>, <it>p14</it>, <it>RASSF1A </it>and <it>SFRP1 </it>was also accessed by quantitative MSP in urine samples from thirty bladder cancer patients and nineteen non-cancer controls.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There were distinct DNA methylation epigenotypes among the different sub-populations. Further, samples from Taiwan and China demonstrated a bimodal distribution suggesting that CpG island methylator phentotype (CIMP) is presented in bladder cancer. Moreover, the number of methylated genes in samples from Taiwan and Hong Kong were significantly correlated with histological grade (P < 0.01) and pathological stage (P < 0.01). Regarding the samples from Taiwan, methylation of <it>SFRP1</it>, <it>IRF8</it>, <it>APC </it>and <it>RASSF1A </it>were significantly associated with increased tumor grade, stage. Methylation of <it>RASSF1A </it>was associated with tumor recurrence. Patients with methylation of <it>APC </it>or <it>RASSF1A </it>were also significantly associated with shorter recurrence-free survival. For methylation detection in voided urine samples of cancer patients, the sensitivity and specificity of using any of the methylated genes (<it>IRF8</it>, <it>p14 </it>or <it>sFRP1</it>) by qMSP was 86.7% and 94.7%.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results indicate that there are distinct methylation epigenotypes among different Chinese sub-populations. These profiles demonstrate gradual increases with cancer progression. Finally, detection of gene methylation in voided urine with these distinct DNA methylation markers is more sensitive than urine cytology.</p

    Discutindo a educação ambiental no cotidiano escolar: desenvolvimento de projetos na escola formação inicial e continuada de professores

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    A presente pesquisa buscou discutir como a Educação Ambiental (EA) vem sendo trabalhada, no Ensino Fundamental e como os docentes desta escola compreendem e vem inserindo a EA no cotidiano escolar., em uma escola estadual do município de Tangará da Serra/MT, Brasil. Para tanto, realizou-se entrevistas com os professores que fazem parte de um projeto interdisciplinar de EA na escola pesquisada. Verificou-se que o projeto da escola não vem conseguindo alcançar os objetivos propostos por: desconhecimento do mesmo, pelos professores; formação deficiente dos professores, não entendimento da EA como processo de ensino-aprendizagem, falta de recursos didáticos, planejamento inadequado das atividades. A partir dessa constatação, procurou-se debater a impossibilidade de tratar do tema fora do trabalho interdisciplinar, bem como, e principalmente, a importância de um estudo mais aprofundado de EA, vinculando teoria e prática, tanto na formação docente, como em projetos escolares, a fim de fugir do tradicional vínculo “EA e ecologia, lixo e horta”.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

    stairs and fire

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    Meta-analysis:risk of fractures with acid-suppressing medication

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    Recent studies have suggested an increased risk of fractures with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs). We planned to perform a meta-analysis of fractures in patients taking PPIs and H2RAs

    Relative effects of two different enoxaparin regimens as comparators against newer oral anticoagulants:meta-analysis and adjusted indirect comparison

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    Two different regimens of enoxaparin (40 mg once daily or 30 mg bid) have been used as control arms in trials of new oral anticoagulants. The choice of enoxaparin comparator may influence the perceived relative efficacy and safety of the newer agents, and we aimed to identify any significant differences between the two enoxaparin regimens

    Statins and associated risk of pneumonia:a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

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    Statins have potential anti-inflammatory effects, but the association between statin use and lower incidence of pneumonia is unclear. We have therefore performed a systematic review on the risk of pneumonia in statin users versus non-users
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