Strategia energetyki rozproszonej – ścieżka do finalnego dokumentu

Strategia energetyki rozproszonej w Polsce do 2040 roku (SER 2040) jest dokumentem tworzonym w ramach oddolnej inicjatywy wynikającej z celów projektu „Rozwój energetyki rozproszonej w klastrach energii (KlastER)” i nawiązuje do założeń Strategii na rzecz Odpowiedzialnego Rozwoju oraz Polityki energetycznej Polski do 2040 r. (PEP 2040). Przygotowany w okresie 2021–2022 dokument proponuje niezbędne w obszarze energetyki rozproszonej (ER) działania, które wspierają realizację PEP 2040 i wyznaczają ramy transformacji energetycznej w Polsce, jednocześnie uwzględniając najnowsze trendy i wydarzenia, które nastąpiły od momentu przyjęcia PEP 2040. Kluczowym elementem i punktem zwrotnym w procesie prac nad Strategią… było opracowanie analizy SWOT dla ER w obszarach ekonomiczno-finansowym, legislacyjno-regulacyjnym, społeczno-kulturowym i techniczno-technologicznym. Prace przeprowadzono pod nadzorem koordynatorów zespołów roboczych Sieci Kompetencji ds. Energetyki Rozproszonej (SKER). Na podstawie efektów analizy przyjęto, że działania wynikające ze Strategii… powinny być realizowane w trzech głównych obszarach, odpowiadających jej poszczególnym celom: regulacyjnym, technicznym i edukacyjnym

Inclusion of juvenile stages improves diversity assessment and adds to our understanding of mite ecology – A case study from mires in Norway

Arachnid orders, Mesostigmata, Trombidiformes, and Sarcoptiformes, commonly known as ‘mites’, are abundant in mires, both as adults and as juveniles. However, due to the challenges of identification, the juvenile forms are often excluded from analyses. This is the first study in mires that included all three mite orders identified to the species level, including juvenile instars. We aimed to compare how diversity and the response to ecological variables differed if only the adults (ad) vs. the total number of specimens (ad+juv) are considered. Samples of 20 Sphagnum species (five subgenera) were collected and mites were extracted using Berlese funnels. Overall, nearly 60,000 mites were analyzed; of these Mesostigmata made up 1.87% of the total, Trombidiformes −0.27%, and Sarcoptiformes −97.86%. The study revealed 154 species (33 Mesostigmata, 24 Trombidiformes, and 97 Sarcoptiformes), the highest diversity of mites ever reported from mires. The inclusion of juveniles increased observed species richness by 6%, with 10 species (one Mesostigmata, six Trombidiformes, and three Sarcoptiformes) represented only by juvenile forms. Seventeen species are new to Norway (four Mesostigmata, one Sarcoptiformes, and 12 Trombidiformes, including five undescribed species of Stigmaeidae and Cunaxidae). Four of these were represented in the samples only by juveniles. Including the juveniles explained a greater amount of the variability of Trombidiformes (explanatory variables account for 23.60% for ad, and 73.74% for ad+juv) and Mesostigmata (29.23% − ad, 52.91% − ad+juv), but had less of an impact for Sarcoptiformes (38.48% − ad, 39.26% − ad+juv). Locality, Sphagnum subgenus and species, wetness, and trophic state significantly affected the mite communities and should be taken into consideration when studying mires. Since juvenile stages contribute significantly to mite diversity in mires, they should also be included in mite studies in other habitats.publishedVersio

Mechanical thrombectomy in acute stroke – Five years of experience in Poland

Objectives Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is not reimbursed by the Polish public health system. We present a description of 5 years of experience with MT in acute stroke in Comprehensive Stroke Centers (CSCs) in Poland. Methods and results We retrospectively analyzed the results of a structured questionnaire from 23 out of 25 identified CSCs and 22 data sets that include 61 clinical, radiological and outcome measures. Results Most of the CSCs (74%) were founded at University Hospitals and most (65.2%) work round the clock. In 78.3% of them, the working teams are composed of neurologists and neuro-radiologists. All CSCs perform CT and angio-CT before MT. In total 586 patients were subjected to MT and data from 531 of them were analyzed. Mean time laps from stroke onset to groin puncture was 250±99min. 90.3% of the studied patients had MT within 6h from stroke onset; 59.3% of them were treated with IV rt-PA prior to MT; 15.1% had IA rt-PA during MT and 4.7% – emergent stenting of a large vessel. M1 of MCA was occluded in 47.8% of cases. The Solitaire device was used in 53% of cases. Successful recanalization (TICI2b–TICI3) was achieved in 64.6% of cases and 53.4% of patients did not experience hemorrhagic transformation. Clinical improvement on discharge was noticed in 53.7% of cases, futile recanalization – in 30.7%, mRS of 0–2 – in 31.4% and mRS of 6 in 22% of cases. Conclusion Our results can help harmonize standards for MT in Poland according to international guidelines

Distributed energy: where does it come from and where does go to

Energetyka rozproszona i energetyka odnawialna ulegają w ostatnich kilku latach wielkim przemianom – zarówno technologicznym, jak i legislacyjnym. Z jednej strony pojawiają się więc oczekiwania, by prawo nadążało za zmianami technicznymi, a z drugiej – by zachować jego stabilność. Pogodzenie tych oczekiwań możliwe jest jedynie w zakresie utrzymania trendu rozwoju prawa, podczas gdy ze względu na zmiany otoczenia – konieczne staje się równocześnie jego dynamiczne dostosowywanie do świata technologii i biznesu. W artykule sklasyfikowane zostały trendy zmian, wraz ze wskazaniem, jakich nowych regulacji prawnych, przynajmniej co do kierunków, można oczekiwać w kolejnych fazach rozwojowych.Distributed energy and renewable energy have undergone great changes in the last few years. Technological and legislative. On the one hand, there are expectations that the law should keep up with technical changes, and on the other – to maintain the stability of the law. It is possible to reconcile these expectations only in terms of maintaining the trend of law development, while it becomes necessary to dynamically adapt it to the world of changes. The trends of changes are classified below, along with what legal changes, at least in terms of trends, can be expected in the next development phases

Distributed energy strategy – path to the final document

Strategia energetyki rozproszonej w Polsce do 2040 roku (SER 2040) jest dokumentem tworzonym w ramach oddolnej inicjatywy wynikającej z celów projektu „Rozwój energetyki rozproszonej w klastrach energii (KlastER)” i nawiązuje do założeń Strategii na rzecz Odpowiedzialnego Rozwoju oraz Polityki energetycznej Polski do 2040 r. (PEP 2040). Przygotowany w okresie 2021–2022 dokument proponuje niezbędne w obszarze energetyki rozproszonej (ER) działania, które wspierają realizację PEP 2040 i wyznaczają ramy transformacji energetycznej w Polsce, jednocześnie uwzględniając najnowsze trendy i wydarzenia, które nastąpiły od momentu przyjęcia PEP 2040. Kluczowym elementem i punktem zwrotnym w procesie prac nad Strategią… było opracowanie analizy SWOT dla ER w obszarach ekonomiczno-finansowym, legislacyjno-regulacyjnym, społeczno-kulturowym i techniczno-technologicznym. Prace przeprowadzono pod nadzorem koordynatorów zespołów roboczych Sieci Kompetencji ds. Energetyki Rozproszonej (SKER). Na podstawie efektów analizy przyjęto, że działania wynikające ze Strategii… powinny być realizowane w trzech głównych obszarach, odpowiadających jej poszczególnym celom: regulacyjnym, technicznym i edukacyjnym.The developed Strategy for distributed energy in Poland until 2040 (SER 2040) is a document created as part of a bottom- -up initiative resulting from the objectives of the project “Development of distributed energy in energy clusters (KlastER)”. In its assumptions, the document refers to the role of distributed energy resulting both from the Strategy for Responsible Development, and in particular from the Polish Energy Policy until 2040. The document prepared in the period 2021–2022 proposes the necessary measures in the field of distributed energy, supporting the implementation of PEP 2040, setting the framework for the energy transformation in Poland, taking into account the latest trends and events that have taken place since the adoption of PEP 2040. A key element and a turning point in the process of works on the Strategy... was the development of a SWOT analysis of distributed energy in the following areas: economic and financial, legislative and regulatory, socio-cultural and technical and technological. The work was carried out under the supervision of the coordinators of the working groups of the Distributed Energy Competence Network (SKER). On this basis, it was assumed that the actions resulting from the Strategy... should be implemented in three main areas corresponding to its individual goals: regulatory, technical and educational

The taxonomy statistic uncovers novel clinical patterns in a population of ischemic stroke patients.

In this paper, we describe a simple taxonomic approach for clinical data mining elaborated by Marczewski and Steinhaus (M-S), whose performance equals the advanced statistical methodology known as the expectation-maximization (E-M) algorithm. We tested these two methods on a cohort of ischemic stroke patients. The comparison of both methods revealed strong agreement. Direct agreement between M-S and E-M classifications reached 83%, while Cohen's coefficient of agreement was κ = 0.766(P < 0.0001). The statistical analysis conducted and the outcomes obtained in this paper revealed novel clinical patterns in ischemic stroke patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of Marczewski-Steinhaus' taxonomic approach as a tool for the detection of novel patterns of data in ischemic stroke patients and the prediction of disease outcome. In terms of the identification of fairly frequent types of stroke patients using their age, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and diabetes mellitus (DM) status, when dealing with rough characteristics of patients, four particular types of patients are recognized, which cannot be identified by means of routine clinical methods. Following the obtained taxonomical outcomes, the strong correlation between the health status at moment of admission to emergency department (ED) and the subsequent recovery of patients is established. Moreover, popularization and simplification of the ideas of advanced mathematicians may provide an unconventional explorative platform for clinical problems

Association between nocturnal oxygen desaturation and ischaemic stroke outcomes

Clinical rationale for the study. This study aimed to assess the association between nocturnal hypoxemia and early acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) outcomes in patients without oxygen supplementation. Material and methods. One hundred and six AIS patients consecutively admitted to the stroke unit were included in this study. Baseline demographic and medical data and arterial blood saturation (SpO2) measurements during night-sleep (from 10pm to 6am) were examined for their association with stroke outcomes, including the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on the 7th day or differences between the NIHSS score on the 1st day and the 7th day after stroke onset. Measurements of SpO2 were made using a pulse oximeter of the Spacelabs Medical Inc. (USA) monitoring system, and the number of apnoea episodes and their duration were recorded by ECG Holter with respiration monitoring (CardioMem®, Getamed, GE). Results. The study showed that age (Spearman’s r = 0.207, p = 0.033) and parameters attributable to anaemia (RBC r = –0.205, p = 0.035, Hb r = –0.225, p = 0.02 and HCT r = –0.196, p = 0.044), atrial fibrillation and ischaemic changes in both brain hemispheres (p = 0.023 and 0.01, respectively) were correlated with the study outcomes. In terms of saturation parameters, we demonstrated that the ‘total desaturation burden’ (i.e. [100% minus actual measured SpO2%] x apnoea duration) and multiple apnoeas of longer than 20 seconds were correlated with worse functional outcomes. Measures of shorter desaturation episodes (i.e. SpO2 oxygen desaturation index (ODI) at 3% and 4%, and time-weighted desaturations below the determined thresholds (SpO2 from 95% to 85%) demonstrated non-significant associations with the study outcomes. Conclusions and clinical implications. This study demonstrated that long-lasting desaturation episodes during the night, depicted by the ‘total desaturation burden’, were correlated with worse functional outcomes in AIS, while measures of shorter desaturation episodes were not correlated. In future clinical trials, indications for oxygen supplementation should include the methodology of personalised medicine and introduce individual approaches based on specially formulated, novel multifactorial algorithms

Association between nocturnal oxygen desaturation and ischaemic stroke outcomes

Clinical rationale for the study. This study aimed to assess the association between nocturnal hypoxemia and early acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) outcomes in patients without oxygen supplementation. Material and methods. One hundred and six AIS patients consecutively admitted to the stroke unit were included in this study. Baseline demographic and medical data and arterial blood saturation (SpO2) measurements during night-sleep (from 10pm to 6am) were examined for their association with stroke outcomes, including the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on the 7th day or differences between the NIHSS score on the 1st day and the 7th day after stroke onset. Measurements of SpO2 were made using a pulse oximeter of the Spacelabs Medical Inc. (USA) monitoring system, and the number of apnoea episodes and their duration were recorded by ECG Holter with respiration monitoring (CardioMem®, Getamed, GE). Results. The study showed that age (Spearman’s r = 0.207, p = 0.033) and parameters attributable to anaemia (RBC r = –0.205, p = 0.035, Hb r = –0.225, p = 0.02 and HCT r = –0.196, p = 0.044), atrial fibrillation and ischaemic changes in both brain hemispheres (p = 0.023 and 0.01, respectively) were correlated with the study outcomes. In terms of saturation parameters, we demonstrated that the ‘total desaturation burden’ (i.e. [100% minus actual measured SpO2%] x apnoea duration) and multiple apnoeas of longer than 20 seconds were correlated with worse functional outcomes. Measures of shorter desaturation episodes (i.e. SpO2 oxygen desaturation index (ODI) at 3% and 4%, and time-weighted desaturations below the determined thresholds (SpO2 from 95% to 85%) demonstrated non-significant associations with the study outcomes. Conclusions and clinical implications. This study demonstrated that long-lasting desaturation episodes during the night, depicted by the ‘total desaturation burden’, were correlated with worse functional outcomes in AIS, while measures of shorter desaturation episodes were not correlated. In future clinical trials, indications for oxygen supplementation should include the methodology of personalised medicine and introduce individual approaches based on specially formulated, novel multifactorial algorithms