Hypervalence and the delocalizing versus localizing propensities of H-3(-), Li-3(-), CH5- and SiH5-

Lithium and silicon have the capability to form hypervalent structures, such as L

Epstein–Barr virus antibody level and gastric cancer risk in Korea: a nested case–control study

BACKGROUND: Few cohort studies have investigated Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection before the occurrence of gastric cancer. METHODS: Among 14 440 cohort participants, 100 incident gastric cancer cases were individually matched to two controls. Epstein-Barr virus antibodies IgG and IgA against viral capsid antigen (VCA), EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA) antibody IgG, and early antigen (EA) antibody IgG were measured using enzyme immunoassays (EIAs). RESULTS: The highest titres of VCA IgG (odds ratio (OR): 1.37, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.62-3.06) or EBNA IgG (OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.51-1.46) were not associated with gastric cancer risk. CONCLUSION: Higher levels of VCA IgG or EBNA IgG were not associated with increased risk of gastric adenocarcinoma in Koreans.Akiba S, 2008, CANCER SCI, V99, P195, DOI 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2007.00674.xKoshiol J, 2007, BRIT J CANCER, V97, P1567, DOI 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604063Tedeschi R, 2007, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V165, P134, DOI 10.1093/aje/kwj332Gwack J, 2006, BRIT J CANCER, V95, P639, DOI 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603309Ouburg S, 2005, EUR J GASTROEN HEPAT, V17, P1213Chan D, 2005, J RES PRACT INF TECH, V37, P267HERRERAGOEPFERT R, 2005, WORLD J GASTROENTERO, V11, P6096CORREA P, 2004, GASTRIC CANCER, V7, P9Macsween KF, 2003, LANCET INFECT DIS, V3, P131Gartner BC, 2003, CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN, V10, P78, DOI 10.1128/CDLI.10.1.78-82.2003Burgess DE, 2002, BRIT J CANCER, V86, P702, DOI 10.1038/sj/bjc/6600107YOO KY, 2002, ASIAN PAC J CANCER P, V3, P85Chien YC, 2001, NEW ENGL J MED, V345, P1877Bruu AL, 2000, CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN, V7, P451Shinkura R, 2000, J MED VIROL, V60, P411Akre O, 1999, INT J CANCER, V82, P1Tokunaga M, 1998, CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR, V7, P449*IARC, 1997, EPSTEINBARR VIR KAP, V8LEVINE PH, 1995, INT J CANCER, V60, P642LEHTINEN T, 1993, CANCER CAUSE CONTROL, V4, P187GESER A, 1982, INT J CANCER, V29, P397

Expression of Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and Its Role in Insulin Release from Rat Pancreatic Beta Cells

<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Several transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are expressed in pancreatic beta cells and have been proposed to be involved in insulin secretion. However, the endogenous ligands for these channels are far from clear. Here, we demonstrate the expression of the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) ion channel in the pancreatic beta cells and its role in insulin release. TRPA1 is an attractive candidate for inducing insulin release because it is calcium permeable and is activated by molecules that are produced during oxidative glycolysis.</p> <h3>Methods</h3><p>Immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, and Western blot techniques were used to determine the expression of TRPA1 channel. Ca²⁺ fluorescence imaging and electrophysiology (voltage- and current-clamp) techniques were used to study the channel properties. TRPA1-mediated insulin release was determined using ELISA.</p> <h3>Results</h3><p>TRPA1 is abundantly expressed in a rat pancreatic beta cell line and freshly isolated rat pancreatic beta cells, but not in pancreatic alpha cells. Activation of TRPA1 by allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), and cyclopentenone prostaglandins (PGJ₂) and a novel agonist methylglyoxal (MG) induces membrane current, depolarization, and Ca²⁺ influx leading to generation of action potentials in a pancreatic beta cell line and primary cultured pancreatic beta cells. Activation of TRPA1 by agonists stimulates insulin release in pancreatic beta cells that can be inhibited by TRPA1 antagonists such as HC030031 or AP-18 and by RNA interference. TRPA1-mediated insulin release is also observed in conditions of voltage-gated Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ channel blockade as well as ATP sensitive potassium (K_ATP) channel activation.</p> <h3>Conclusions</h3><p>We propose that endogenous and exogenous ligands of TRPA1 cause Ca²⁺ influx and induce basal insulin release and that TRPA1-mediated depolarization acts synergistically with K_ATP channel blockade to facilitate insulin release.</p> </div

Exclusive J/ψ detection and physics with ECCE

The file available on this institutional repository is an arXiv preprint which may not have been certified by peer review. The definitive version of record published by Elsevier is available at https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2207.10356.Copyright © The Authors 2023. The EIC Comprehensive Chromodynamics Experiment (ECCE) detector has been recommended as a reference design for the proposed Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) program. This paper presents simulation studies of exclusive J/ψ detection and selected physics impact results in EIC using the projected ECCE detector concept. Exclusive quarkonium photoproduction is one of the most popular processes in EIC, which has a large cross section and a simple final state. Due to the gluonic nature of the exchange Pomeron, this process can be related to the gluon distributions in the nucleus. Preliminary results estimate the excellent statistics benefited from the large cross section of J/ψ photoproduction and superior performance of ECCE detector concept. The precise measurement of exclusive J/ψ photoproduction at EIC will help us to more deeply understand nuclear gluon distributions, near threshold production mechanism and nucleon mass structure.X. Li and W. Zha are supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12005220, 12175223) and MOST (2018YFE0104900). The authors would like to thank the ECCE Consortium for performing a full simulation of their detector design, for providing up-to-date information on EIC run conditions, and for suggestions and comments on the manuscript. X. Li and W. Zha would like to thank Y. Zhou for useful suggestions and discussions related to this analysis. W. Zha is supported by Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation No. 2208085J23 and Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences. AANL group are supported by the Science Committee of RA , in the frames of the research project 21AG-1C028

Scientific computing plan for the ECCE detector at the Electron Ion Collider

This is the arXiv pre-print which has not been peer reviewed. It is made available under a Creative Commons (CC BY) Attribution Lciense. The corrected version of record is available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2022.167859.Cite as: arXiv:2205.08607 [physics.ins-det] (or arXiv:2205.08607v1 [physics.ins-det] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2205.08607 Focus to learn more Journal reference: NIMA 1047, 167859 (2023) Related DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2022.167859 Focus to learn more Submission history From: Joseph Osborn [view email] [v1] Tue, 17 May 2022 19:53:56 UTC (29,605 KB)Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). The Electron Ion Collider (EIC) is the next generation of precision QCD facility to be built at Brookhaven National Laboratory in conjunction with Thomas Jefferson National Laboratory. There are a significant number of software and computing challenges that need to be overcome at the EIC. During the EIC detector proposal development period, the ECCE consortium began identifying and addressing these challenges in the process of producing a complete detector proposal based upon detailed detector and physics simulations. In this document, the software and computing efforts to produce this proposal are discussed; furthermore, the computing and software model and resources required for the future of ECCE are described.Office of Nuclear Physics in the Office of Science in the Department of Energy, USA; National Science Foundation, USA; Los Alamos National Laboratory Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD), USA 20200022DR

ECCE sensitivity studies for single hadron transverse single spin asymmetry measurements

The file archived on this repository is a pre-print and does not include peer review corrections. Please see the corrected version of record of this paper at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2023.168017.Comments: 22 pages, 22 figures, to be submitted to joint ECCE proposal NIM-A volume Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) Report number: ecce-paper-phys-2022-08 Cite as: arXiv:2207.10890 [hep-ex] (or arXiv:2207.10890v1 [hep-ex] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2207.10890 Focus to learn more Related DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2023.168017 Focus to learn more Submission history From: Ralf Seidl [view email] [v1] Fri, 22 Jul 2022 05:52:35 UTC (23,821 KB)Copyright 2022 The Author(s). We performed feasibility studies for various single transverse spin measurements that are related to the Sivers effect, transversity and the tensor charge, and the Collins fragmentation function. The processes studied include semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) where single hadrons (pions and kaons) were detected in addition to the scattered DIS lepton. The data were obtained in pythia6 and geant4 simulated e+p collisions at 18 GeV on 275 GeV, 18 on 100, 10 on 100, and 5 on 41 that use the ECCE detector configuration. Typical DIS kinematics were selected, most notably 2 > 1 GeV2, and cover the range from 10−4 to 1. The single spin asymmetries were extracted as a function of and 2, as well as the semi-inclusive variables , which corresponds to the momentum fraction the detected hadron carries relative to the struck parton, and , which corresponds to the transverse momentum of the detected hadron relative to the virtual photon. They are obtained in azimuthal moments in combinations of the azimuthal angles of the hadron transverse momentum and transverse spin of the nucleon relative to the lepton scattering plane. In order to extract asymmetries, the initially unpolarized MonteCarlo was re-weighted in the true kinematic variables, hadron types and parton flavors based on global fits of fixed target SIDIS experiments and +− annihilation data. The expected statistical precision of such measurements is extrapolated to 10 fb−1 and potential systematic uncertainties are approximated given the deviations between true and reconstructed yields. Similar neutron information is obtained by comparing the ECCE e+p pseudo-data with the same from the EIC Yellow Report and scaling the corresponding Yellow Report e+3He pseudo-data uncertainties accordingly. The impact on the knowledge of the Sivers functions, transversity and tensor charges, and the Collins function has then been evaluated in the same phenomenological extractions as in the Yellow Report. The impact is found to be comparable to that obtained with the parametrized Yellow Report detector and shows that the ECCE detector configuration can fulfill the physics goals on these quantitiesWe acknowledge support from the Office of Nuclear Physics in the Office of Science in the Department of Energy, USA, the National Science Foundation, USA, and the Los Alamos National Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD), USA 20200022DR. This work was also partially supported by the National Science Foundation, USA under grant No. PHY-2011763, Grant No. PHY-2012002, the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No.DE-AC05-06OR23177 under which Jefferson Science Associates, LLC, manages and operates Jefferson Lab, and within the framework of the TMD Topical Collaboration

Search for e→τ charged lepton flavor violation at the EIC with the ECCE detector

...The file archived on tis institutional repository is a preprint made available at arXiv, arXiv:2207.10261 [hep-ph], under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). It has not been ceritified by peer review. You are advised to consult the final version published by Elsevier at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2023.168276 .The recently approved Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) will provide a unique new opportunity for searches of charged lepton flavor violation (CLFV) and other new physics scenarios. In contrast to the e↔μ CLFV transition for which very stringent limits exist, there is still a relatively large discovery space for the e→τ CLFV transition, potentially to be explored by the EIC. With the latest detector design of ECCE (EIC Comprehensive Chromodynamics Experiment) and projected integral luminosity of the EIC, we find the τ-leptons created in the DIS process ep→τX are expected to be identified with high efficiency. A first ECCE simulation study, restricted to the 3-prong τ-decay mode and with limited statistics for the Standard Model backgrounds, estimates that the EIC will be able to improve the current exclusion limit on e→τ CLFV by an order of magnitude.Office of Nuclear Physics in the Office of Science in the Department of Energy, the National Science Foundation, and the Los Alamos National Laboratory Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) 20200022DR

Design of the ECCE Detector for the Electron Ion Collider

Preprint submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods A. The file archived on this institutional repository has not been certified by peer review.32 pages, 29 figures, 9 tablesThe EIC Comprehensive Chromodynamics Experiment (ECCE) detector has been designed to address the full scope of the proposed Electron Ion Collider (EIC) physics program as presented by the National Academy of Science and provide a deeper understanding of the quark-gluon structure of matter. To accomplish this, the ECCE detector offers nearly acceptance and energy coverage along with excellent tracking and particle identification. The ECCE detector was designed to be built within the budget envelope set out by the EIC project while simultaneously managing cost and schedule risks. This detector concept has been selected to be the basis for the EIC project detector.Office of Science in the Department of Energy, the National Science Foundation, and the Los Alamos National Laboratory Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) 20200022DR; This research used resources of the Compute and Data Environment for Science (CADES) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05- 00OR22725. The work of AANL group are supported by the Science Committee of RA, in the frames of the research project # 21AG-1C028. And we gratefully acknowledge that support of Brookhaven National Lab and the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility which are operated under contracts DESC0012704 and DE-AC05-06OR23177 respectivel

AI-assisted optimization of the ECCE tracking system at the Electron Ion Collider

arXiv preprint [v2] Fri, 20 May 2022 03:23:44 UTC (2,296 KB) made available under a Creative Commons (CC BY) Attribution Licence, now in press, published by Elsevier: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, available online 17 November 2022 at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2022.167748The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) is a cutting-edge accelerator facility that will study the nature of the "glue" that binds the building blocks of the visible matter in the universe. The proposed experiment will be realized at Brookhaven National Laboratory in approximately 10 years from now, with detector design and R&D currently ongoing. Notably, EIC is one of the first large-scale facilities to leverage Artificial Intelligence (AI) already starting from the design and R&D phases. The EIC Comprehensive Chromodynamics Experiment (ECCE) is a consortium that proposed a detector design based on a 1.5T solenoid. The EIC detector proposal review concluded that the ECCE design will serve as the reference design for an EIC detector. Herein we describe a comprehensive optimization of the ECCE tracker using AI. The work required a complex parametrization of the simulated detector system. Our approach dealt with an optimization problem in a multidimensional design space driven by multiple objectives that encode the detector performance, while satisfying several mechanical constraints. We describe our strategy and show results obtained for the ECCE tracking system. The AI-assisted design is agnostic to the simulation framework and can be extended to other sub-detectors or to a system of sub-detectors to further optimize the performance of the EIC detector.Office of Nuclear Physics in the Office of Science in the Department of Energy; National Science Foundation, and the Los Alamos National Laboratory Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) 20200022DR

Collision tumor in form of primary adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma of the duodenum

<em>Collision tumor</em> is a rare phenomenon characterized by coexistence of completely distinct and independent tumors at the same body location. Collision tumors have been reported in different sites. However, they are extremely uncommon in the duodenum. We report the case of a 52-year old man with a collision tumor in the third portion of the duodenum with two distinct tumors of primary adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma, and both tumors coexisting within a single metastatic lymph node. Immunohistochemistry studies were performed to conclude that this was a case of collision cancer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first collision tumor case reported to date at this location, and the first report of lymph node with a collision metastasis from a collision tumor. Such tumor is very rare and may thus provide diagnostic challenges. This report also provides a review of other cases on duodenal collision tumors