Early growth performances of various seed sources of black (Prunus serotina Erhr.) and wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) seedlings on low and high elevation sites in the western Black Sea Region of Turkey

The growth performances of one-year old seedlings of various black cherry (BC) and wild cherry (WC) seed sources (SSs) that were planted on low elevation sites (LES) and high elevation sites (HES) in the western Black Sea Region (BSR) of Turkey were assessed one and five years after planting (YAP). Significance between and within-species variations were found for seedling growth. On species basis, WC was superior to BC for seedling groundline diameter and height growth for the low elevation sites(LES) of one and five years after planting (YAP), whereas no substantial survival and growth differences were found between the species for the high elevation sites (HES) of five YAP. Generally, seedlings averaged a greater survival on the LES, when compared with those on the HES. Local WC SSs (Tefen, Yayla and Dirgine) demonstrated an enhanced seedling survival and growth on LES than the other SSs. Unlike the LES results, a collection of BC (Michigan 1 and Ukraine) and WC SSs (Dirgine, Germany, and Tefen) displayed the best seedling growth over five years. The HES seedlings frequently experienced diebacks and forking due to heavy snow fall and wildlife browsing. Selection of the local WC SSs was vital for the LES. However, BC SSs may present a potential for planting on the HES with harsher environmental conditions.Keywords: Black cherry, provenance test, seedling growth and survival, wild cherry

İş hukukunda uzman arabuluculuk

Alternatif uyuşmazlık çözüm yollarından biri olan arabuluculuk, esasında öteden beri var olan, özünde uzlaşma kültürünü barındıran ve geçmişimizde de uygulanan bir sistemdir. Ahilik teşkilatı 800 yıl öncesinden başlamak üzere esnaflarımız arasında barışa katkı sağla-mıştır. Ülkemizde ise 2013 yılında ihtiyari olarak uygulanmaya başlanan ve uyuşmazlıkla-rın daha az masrafla ve daha hızlı sürede çözümlenmesini sağlayan bir alternatif uyuşmazlık yöntemi olan arabuluculuğun son yıllarda farkındalığı artmış ve kullanımı yaygınlaşmıştır. 2018 yılında öncelikle iş uyuşmazlıklarında, 2019 yılında ticari uyuşmazlıklarda ve son olarak 2020 yılında tüketici uyuşmazlıklarında dava şartı sisteminin getirilmesi ile birlikte, uyuşmazlıkların taraf iradelerine uygun olarak, kazan-kazan esasına dayalı bir biçimde çö-zülmesi ve mahkemelerdeki dosya yükünün azaltılmasının yanı sıra arabuluculuğun vatan-daşlarımız ve iş dünyası nezdinde benimsenmesi sağlanarak ülkemizde uzlaşı kültürünün oluşturulmasına da önemli ölçüde katkı sunulmuştur. Öte yandan; hukuk sistemimizde dava şartı arabuluculuk sisteminin yaygınlaştırılması, uyuşmazlıkların türüne göre ilgili alanlarda uzman arabulucular desteğiyle çözümlenmesini gerekli kılmıştır. Arabuluculuk uygulamasında bir karar mercii olmamakla birlikte arabulu-cunun görev aldığı uyuşmazlık alanında uzmanlığa sahip olması, taraflar bakımından olduğu kadar arabulucunun kendisi bakımından da faydalı olacak, özellikle tarafların tıkandığı nok-tada olumlu ve yapıcı bir çözüm önerisi geliştirmesine ve arabuluculuk sürecinin anlaşma ile sonuçlanmasına yardımcı olacaktır. Bu amaçla; öncelikle iş hukukunda uzman arabulucu uygulamasına geçilmiş, iş uyuşmaz-lıklarında görev alabilmek için söz konusu alanda gerekli eğitimleri almak arabulucular için ön şart haline getirilmiştir

Pleural mesothelioma in a nine-month-old dog

This paper reports on an unusual case of pleural epitheloid mesothelioma in a nine-month-old male, mixed breed dog. The dog was presented in-extremis and, on post mortem examination, multiple, exophytic, frequently pedunculated, yellowish-red, soft to firm masses ranging from 3 mm to 6 cm in diameter were diffusely distributed over, and attached to, the pericardial and parietal pleural surfaces. Microscopically, these masses consisted of round to partially polygonalshaped, anaplastic cells with minimal cytoplasm and hyperchromatic nuclei covering papillomatous projections or as part of more densely cellular masses. A supporting fibrovascular stroma and mitotic figures were also evident. Constituent tumour cells were labeled positively with antibodies against both vimentin and cytokeratin. In contrast, the same cells exhibited equivocal labeling with an antibody directed against calretinin antigen and did not label with antibodies against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and milk fat globule-related antigen (MFGRA). Such tumours are rare in dogs, particularly in such a young animal

A comprehensive fracture prevention strategy in older adults: The European union geriatric medicine society (EUGMS) statement

Prevention of fragility fractures in older people has become a public health priority, although the most appropriate and cost-effective strategy remains unclear. In the present statement, the Interest group on falls and fracture prevention of the European union geriatric medicine society (EUGMS), in collaboration with the International association of gerontology and geriatrics for the European region (IAGG-ER), the European union of medical specialists (EUMS), the Fragility fracture network (FFN), the International osteoporosis foundation (IOF) – European society for clinical and economic aspects of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis (ECCEO), outlines its views on the main points in the current debate in relation to the primary and secondary prevention of falls, the diagnosis and treatment of bone fragility, and the place of combined falls and fracture liaison services for fracture prevention in older people

Inadequate Response to Osteoporosis Treatment

ScopusTr-Dizi

Evaluation Of Concordance Between Hip And Spine T Scores In The Diagnosis Of Osteoporosis In Men Over Age Of Fifty

Scopu

Competitive implications of software open-sourcing

This paper is concerned with the economic trade-offs associated with open-sourcing, the business strategy of releasing free open-source versions of commercial software products. The effect of the release of open-source versions on the customers’ perception of products is an important determinant of open-sourcing outcomes. We model open-sourcing as a strategic option for firms that compete in the market for software products. Of particular importance in our model is the effect of open-sourcing on customer values and the possibility for better customization offered by the open-source products. We show that open-sourcing can arise as an equilibrium outcome in our simple two-stage game. If the enhancement of customer values from open-sourcing is moderate or high, firms may find it optimal to release open-source versions of their products

Energy cost of walking with flat feet

Abstract A comparative study has been conducted to assess the effects of arch support on oxygen consumption in 20 subjects with flat feet who were generally complaining about fatigue, and also to explore whether their feeling of weariness was objective or not. The resting, walking and final recovery heart rates, blood pressures, and walking oxygen consumption values of the patients with flat feet were measured and calculated and compared to a control group using treadmill and oxygen consumption devices. In stage one the patients did not wear any arch support. Then suitable arch supports were prepared for each patient and in stage two they wore these arch supports. The results did not show any significant difference between the resting heart rates, blood pressure and oxygen consumptions. However, differences in walking heart rate, systolic blood pressure, final recovery heart rate, oxygen consumption, and energy cost values were found to be significant between stage one and two of the test in the patient group. The difference in walking diastolic blood pressure values without and with arch support were found to be insignificant. It may therefore be deduced that oxygen consumption during walking is decreased when a suitable arch support is applied to patients with flat feet

Does silicon increase the tolerance of a sensitive pepper genotype to salt stress?

We evaluated the growth performance, ion regulation, osmotic potential, and chlorophyll content of two pepper (Capsicum annuum) genotypes with different salinity tolerance levels (Karaisali is tolerant and Demre is sensitive to salinity) under saline conditions with the application of silicon (Si). Plants were grown in pots filled with vermiculite in control or saline conditions [150 mM sodium chloride (NaCl)] with or without 2 mM Si from potassium silicate for 60 days after sowing. Better growth effects due to Si application were observed in the sensitive pepper Demre than in Karaisali, particularly, the root and fruit growth were remarkably enhanced in Demre. Furthermore, Si application reduced sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) concentrations and increased potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) concentrations in the leaves and roots. The reduction in Na concentration in the leaves due to Si application was 9% and 2% in Demre and Karaisali, respectively. Under saline conditions, the increase in K concentration due to Si application in the leaves was 11% and 14% in Demre and Karaisali, respectively. In addition, Si application resulted in an increase in K/Na ratios in the leaves by 22% and 17% in Demre and Karaisali, respectively, in the presence of 150 mM NaCl. The increase in Ca concentration in the roots due to Si application was 55% in Demre compared with only 9% in Karaisali. The addition of NaCl decreased the chlorophyll concentration in both the genotypes, but Si application increased it. This increase in chlorophyll concentration was higher in Demre than in Karaisali. Si application allowed both the genotypes to maintain higher osmotic potentials than those in untreated plants. As a result, it may be claimed that under salt stress, Si application has a more alleviative effect on the susceptible pepper genotypes (Demre) than on the tolerant one (Karaisali). This information could be useful for the practical application of Si under saline conditions