242 research outputs found
Variation in frequency of avirulence genes in Leptosphaeria maculans in western Canada
Non-Peer Reviewe
Assessing the genetic and pathogenic variability of Pyrenophora teres f. maculata (spot form net blotch of barley) and its ability to overcome currently-used sources of resistance on the Canadian prairies
Non-Peer ReviewedEighty two isolates of the fungus Pyrenophora teres f. maculata, causal agent of spot form net blotch (SFNB) of barley, were collected across the Canadian prairies. Following genetic analysis using 13 microsatellite DNA markers, 27 isolates were selected to assess the degree of pathogenic variation in the fungus. Pathogenic variability was evaluated by inoculating isolates onto 11 barley genotypes as differential hosts at the seedling stage. One week following inoculation, the second and third leaves of each plant were rated on to a 1–9 disease severity scale, and plants with scores of 1–3 and >3 were scored as resistant and susceptible, respectively. The entire experiment was repeated. Cluster analysis revealed 13 distinct pathotype groups (virulence patterns) among the 27 representative isolates. Disease severity ratings ranged from 2.2 to 6.1 with a mean of 4.6. To assess the risk of resistance breakdown, the resistance of four barley cultivars (‘AAC Synergy’, ‘CDC Meredith’, ‘Cerveza’ and ‘Major’), which had been previously identified as resistant to SFNB on the Canadian prairies, was evaluated at the seedling stage against six isolates of P. teres f. maculata representing four different pathotypes. The resistance in ‘CDC Meredith’ was clearly overcome by all isolates tested, while ‘AAC Synergy’, ‘Cerveza’ and ‘Major’ still exhibited resistance against all of the pathotypes. The identification of fungal isolates virulent on ‘CDC Meredith’ suggests that producers should avoid growing the same resistant barley variety in short rotation, and avoid relying on resistance as the sole approach to disease management. Judicious use of fungicides, coupled with rotations of at least two years between barley crops and diversity in the barley varieties grown, will promote effective and sustainable management of spot form net blotch
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Outcomes in patients with gunshot wounds to the brain.
Introduction:Gunshot wounds to the brain (GSWB) confer high lethality and uncertain recovery. It is unclear which patients benefit from aggressive resuscitation, and furthermore whether patients with GSWB undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) have potential for survival or organ donation. Therefore, we sought to determine the rates of survival and organ donation, as well as identify factors associated with both outcomes in patients with GSWB undergoing CPR. Methods:We performed a retrospective, multicenter study at 25 US trauma centers including dates between June 1, 2011 and December 31, 2017. Patients were included if they suffered isolated GSWB and required CPR at a referring hospital, in the field, or in the trauma resuscitation room. Patients were excluded for significant torso or extremity injuries, or if pregnant. Binomial regression models were used to determine predictors of survival/organ donation. Results:825 patients met study criteria; the majority were male (87.6%) with a mean age of 36.5 years. Most (67%) underwent CPR in the field and 2.1% (n=17) survived to discharge. Of the non-survivors, 17.5% (n=141) were considered eligible donors, with a donation rate of 58.9% (n=83) in this group. Regression models found several predictors of survival. Hormone replacement was predictive of both survival and organ donation. Conclusion:We found that GSWB requiring CPR during trauma resuscitation was associated with a 2.1% survival rate and overall organ donation rate of 10.3%. Several factors appear to be favorably associated with survival, although predictions are uncertain due to the low number of survivors in this patient population. Hormone replacement was predictive of both survival and organ donation. These results are a starting point for determining appropriate treatment algorithms for this devastating clinical condition. Level of evidence:Level II
Diversidade de resultados no estudo do transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade
Com este artigo pretende-se abordar a problemática da diversidade de dados na investigação do Transtorno
de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH). Apresenta-se uma revisão da literatura centrada na heterogeneidade de
conclusões relativas à caracterização do transtorno, à distinção dos subtipos, aos contextos de informação, às diferenças de
gênero e à comorbidade. Na tentativa de compreender a disparidade de conclusões, salientam-se potenciais fatores explicativos,
nomeadamente a heterogeneidade das amostras, a diversidade de metodologias e de procedimentos de investigação, entre
outros.With this paper we aimed at addressing the problem of data diversity in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder (ADHD) research. We present a literature review based on the heterogeneity of findings about the characterization
of the disorder, subtypes differentiation, sources of information, sex differences and comorbidities. In an effort to understand
the variety of findings, we underline potential explanations, such as the sample’s heterogeneity or the multiplicity of methods
and procedures, among others.(undefined
Sleep and circadian rhythms in mood disorders
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65629/1/j.1600-0447.2007.00968.x.pd
Inheritance and identification of molecular markers associated with spot blotch (Cochliobolus sativus L.) resistance through microsatellites analysis in barley
Prolonged resuscitation of metabolic acidosis after trauma is associated with more complications
The diagnostic accuracy of US, CT, MRI and 1H-MRS for the evaluation of hepatic steatosis compared with liver biopsy: a meta-analysis
OBJECTIVE: To meta-analyse the diagnostic accuracy of US, CT, MRI and (1)H-MRS for the evaluation of hepatic steatosis. METHODS: From a comprehensive literature search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane (up to November 2009), articles were selected that investigated the diagnostic performance imaging techniques for evaluating hepatic steatosis with histopathology as the reference standard. Cut-off values for the presence of steatosis on liver biopsy were subdivided into four groups: (1) >0, >2 and >5% steatosis; (2) >10, >15 and >20%; (3) >25, >30 and >33%; (4) >50, >60 and >66%. Per group, summary estimates for sensitivity and specificity were calculated. The natural-logarithm of the diagnostic odds ratio (lnDOR) was used as a single indicator of test performance. RESULTS: 46 articles were included. Mean sensitivity estimates for subgroups were 73.3-90.5% (US), 46.1-72.0% (CT), 82.0-97.4% (MRI) and 72.7-88.5% ((1)H-MRS). Mean specificity ranges were 69.6-85.2% (US), 88.1-94.6% (CT), 76.1-95.3% (MRI) and 92.0-95.7% ((1)H-MRS). Overall performance (lnDOR) of MRI and (1)H-MRS was better than that for US and CT for all subgroups, with significant differences in groups 1 and 2. CONCLUSION: MRI and (1)H-MRS can be considered techniques of choice for accurate evaluation of hepatic steatosi
Personalized treatment planning with a model of radiation therapy outcomes for use in multiobjective optimization of IMRT plans for prostate cancer
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