Study on the Use of Small Multi-Copter (UAV) in Agriculture

Poster Presentatio

Initiation of recombination suppression and PAR formation during the early stages of neo-sex chromosome differentiation in the Okinawa spiny rat, Tokudaia muenninki

Background: Sex chromosomes of extant eutherian species are too ancient to reveal the process that initiated sex-chromosome differentiation. By contrast, the neo-sex chromosomes generated by sex-autosome fusions of recent origin in Tokudaia muenninki are expected to be evolutionarily ‘young’, and therefore provide a good model in which to elucidate the early phases of eutherian sex chromosome evolution. Here we describe the genomic evolution of T. muenninki in neo-sex chromosome differentiation. Results: FISH mapping of a T. muenninki male, using 50 BAC clones as probes, revealed no chromosomal rearrangements between the neo-sex chromosomes. Substitution-direction analysis disclosed that sequence evolution toward GC-richness, which positively correlates with recombination activity, occurred in the peritelomeric regions, but not middle regions of the neo-sex chromosomes. In contrast, the sequence evolution toward AT-richness was observed in those pericentromeric regions. Furthermore, we showed genetic differentiation between the pericentromeric regions as well as an accelerated rate of evolution in the neo-Y region through the detection of male-specific substitutions by gene sequencing in multiple males and females, and each neo-sex–derived BAC sequencing. Conclusions: Our results suggest that recombination has been suppressed in the pericentromeric region of neo-sex chromosomes without chromosome rearrangement, whereas high levels of recombination activity is limited in the peritelomeric region of almost undifferentiated neo-sex chromosomes. We conclude that PAR might have been formed on the peritelomeric region of sex chromosomes as an independent event from spread of recombination suppression during the early stages of sex chromosome differentiation

低帯域ネットワークによる遠隔教育実習指導

教員養成系大学において、附属学校は教育実習の実験校として重要な役割を持つ。東京学芸大学には幼稚園、小学校、中学校、高等学校合わせて13の附属学校・園があるが、これらは都内、多摩地域などに5地域に分散している。これらの地域は相互に遠隔地にあり、この結果、教育実習期間中に、実習生が大学の教科専門教員の指導を受けられないという問題を生じている。この問題の解決のために、大学と附属学校とをインターネットを使ったTV会議システムで結び、専門教員が実習生の研究授業を大学から参観し、さらにその授業の講評を行う研究協議会を行うことを試みた。本稿ではその結果とネットワークを使った新しい教育実習の可能性について報告する。Tokyo Gakugei University is affiliated with thirteen K-15-attached schools located in Five distant areas. As these areas are all different, teachers from the university can\u27t visit them all as in the period of teaching practice. As one possible solution to this problem, we utilized the Cu-seeMe to bring the classroom into contact with student teachers through the internet. We propose new method of Teaching Practice in this paper

Effects of the development changes in dentition on the retention of mouthguards

Summary The use of mouthguards is one of the main strategies that are considered effective in preventing sports–related trauma.Although mouthguards are recommended for use in children during sports activities,little is known as to how growth and developmental changes in the oral cavity, jaw, and dentition affect the retention of mouthguards. In the present study, we designed mouthguards for primary,mixed(4 types),and permanent detention stages and performed tensile testing to determine the effects of dental growth and development on their retention.We also designed mouthguards for the left maxillary second milk molar,left maxillary second premolar, and left maxillary first molar to determine how the shape of the teeth affects their retention.Data was analyzed statistically,and the following results were obtained:1.Mouthguards for permanent detention stage had a significantly higher level of retention than those for primary and mixed detention stages.2.Mouthguards for primary detention stage had a significantly lower level of retention than those for mixed and permanent detention stages. 3.The retention of mixed detention stage mouthguards became poorer with the number of teeth requiring relief.4.Differences in the shape of the teeth(left maxillary second milk molar, left maxillary second premolar, left maxillary first molar)had no significant effect on the retention of mouthguards.These findings indicate that the level of mouthguard retention is lower in children at primary and mixed detention stages than in adults and children with complete eruption of central incisor to second molar.This difference may be attributed to the differences in the coverage areas of mouthguard

Initiation of recombination suppression and PAR formation during the early stages of neo-sex chromosome differentiation in the Okinawa spiny rat, Tokudaia muenninki

Background: Sex chromosomes of extant eutherian species are too ancient to reveal the process that initiated sex-chromosome differentiation. By contrast, the neo-sex chromosomes generated by sex-autosome fusions of recent origin in Tokudaia muenninki are expected to be evolutionarily 'young', and therefore provide a good model in which to elucidate the early phases of eutherian sex chromosome evolution. Here we describe the genomic evolution of T. muenninki in neo-sex chromosome differentiation. Results: FISH mapping of a T. muenninki male, using 50 BAC clones as probes, revealed no chromosomal rearrangements between the neo-sex chromosomes. Substitution-direction analysis disclosed that sequence evolution toward GC-richness, which positively correlates with recombination activity, occurred in the peritelomeric regions, but not middle regions of the neo-sex chromosomes. In contrast, the sequence evolution toward AT-richness was observed in those pericentromeric regions. Furthermore, we showed genetic differentiation between the pericentromeric regions as well as an accelerated rate of evolution in the neo-Y region through the detection of male-specific substitutions by gene sequencing in multiple males and females, and each neo-sex-derived BAC sequencing. Conclusions: Our results suggest that recombination has been suppressed in the pericentromeric region of neo-sex chromosomes without chromosome rearrangement, whereas high levels of recombination activity is limited in the peritelomeric region of almost undifferentiated neo-sex chromosomes. We conclude that PAR might have been formed on the peritelomeric region of sex chromosomes as an independent event from spread of recombination suppression during the early stages of sex chromosome differentiation

L'Alerte : journal indépendant : politique, littéraire et commercial

11 mai 19081908/05/11 (A12)-1908/05/11

Immobilization of Target-Bound Aptamer on Field Effect Transistor Biosensor to Improve Sensitivity for Detection of Uncharged Cortisol

Field effect transistor (FET) biosensors are capable of detecting various biomolecules, although challenges remain in the detection of uncharged molecules. In this study, the detection of uncharged cortisol was demonstrated by interfacial design using a technique to immobilize target-bound aptamers. The target-bound aptamers, which formed a higher-order structure than target-unbound aptamers, expanded the distance between adjacent aptamers and reduced the steric hindrance to the conformational change. The density-controlled aptamers efficiently induced their conformational changes with the cortisol binding, which resulted in the improvement of the sensitivity of FET biosensors