Aneuploidy Rate, DNA Fragmentation, Tubulin and Centrin Content in Different Groups of Male Infertility

In this study, we aimed to compare DNA fragmentation ratios, centrosomal protein concentrations (centrin and tubulin) and numerical chromosomal abnormalities between four groups including asthenozoospermia, teratozoospermia, oligoasthenozoospermia and normozoospermia patients, and to emphasize the necessity of investigating genetic and protein content of the spermatozoa also in patients with a semen analysis within normal reference range. Evaluation of semen analysis of the patients was performed based on WHO 2010 criteria. As a result of the statistical analysis, it was observed that the sperm DNA fragmentation rate in the normozoospermia group (6.50 ± 3.46%) was significantly lower than those in the teratozoospermia (19.69 ± 9.86%) and oligoasthenoteratozoospermia group (32.47± 14.13%) (p<0.001). For centrin and tubulin proteins, highest concentrations were observed in normozospermia group (p<0.05). When incidence of numerical abnormalities were compared between four groups, it was found that there were statistically significant differences between groups in terms of nullisomies X, Y and 13, and  21 (p<0.05). In conclusion, we suggest that abnormalities in semen parameters seem to be associated with chromosomal abnormalities; and sperm aneuploidy rate is also at a considerable level even in normozoospermic patients. Keywords: DNA fragmentation, teratozoospermia, centrin, tubulin DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/68-04 Publication date:September 30th 2020

Demonstration of the interstitial cajal-like cells in human uterus and tuba uterina with several methods

Cajal hücreleri, ilk olarak gastrointestinal sistemde pacemaker hücreler olarak bulunduktan sonra, genital sistemde de Cajal hücreleri ile ilgili çalışmalar başlamıştır. Ancak günümüzde, henüz genital sistemde Cajal hücrelerinin rolü ve çeşitli patolojik durumlara verdikleri yanıtları açığa çıkaran yeterli çalışma yapılamamıştır. Bu çalışmada üreme sürecinde önemli rol oynayan insan uterus ve tuba uterina sının, peristaltik aktivitesinden sorumlu olduğu düşünülen özelleşmiş pacemaker hücreler olan İnterstisyel Cajal benzeri hücrelerin yerleşimlerini, yapılarını ve diğer özelliklerini incelemeyi amaçladık. İnsan uterus unun ve tuba uterina sının anatomik olarak değişik bölgelerinden alınan doku materyallerinde Cajal hücrelerini görüntülemek amacıyla farklı boyama yöntemleri ve immunohistokimyasal değerlendirmeler yapıldı. İnsan uterus u peristaltik hareketleri sayesinde menstrual döküntülerin atılmasında, sperm hücrelerinin tuba uterina nın ampullar bölgesine taşınmasında, buraya tutunmuş zigotun doğuma kadar yaşamını devam ettirmesinde ve doğumun gerçekleşmesinde son derece önemli bir organdır. İnsan tuba uterina sı, peristaltik hareketleri sayesinde, sperm hücrelerinin uterustan ampullar bölgeye ve döllenmiş yumurtanın (zigotun) ampullar bölgeden uterus a rehberliğini sağlayan olağanüstü bir organdır. İşte bu süreçlerin gerçekleşmesine katkıda bulunan ise İnterstisyel Cajal Benzeri Hücreler dir. Bu hücreler, peristaltik hareketin başlamasını ve yayılmasını sağlamaktadırlar. İnterstisyel Cajal Benzeri Hücreler in, insan uterus ve tuba uterina sında varlığının ve etkilerinin tespit edilmesi, üreme sistemi nörofizyolojisinin daha iyi anlaşılmasını sağlayabilecektir.Firstly after the interstitial cells of Cajal was explored in gastrointestinal system as pacemaker cells, the studies about Cajal cells in genital system had started. However, nowadays, the studies are not enough to explore the functions and the response of the Cajal cells to the patologic processes in genital system, yet. We intend in this study to investigate the locations, forms and other characteristics of the special pacemaker cells called Interstitial Cajal-like cells that are thought to be responsible for peristaltic activity in human uterus and tuba uterina which have extreme roles in reproductive process. In these study, various histochemical staining methods and immunohistochemistrical evaluations were accomplished to monitorize of Cajal cells in tissue materials which are excised from different anatomic regions of the human uterus tuba uterina. The human uterus is an extremely important organ, being supplied in expulsing of menstrual debris, transporting of sperm cells to the ampullary region of tuba uterina, sustaining the life of implanted zygote until birth and realization of labor by the peristaltic movements. The human tuba uterina is also an incredible organ, being supplied in guiding the sperm cells from the uterus to the ampular region, and the fertilized ovum (zigot) from the ampular region to the uterus by the agency of its peristaltic activity. Here, the conducing thing that actualize of these processes is İnterstitial Cajal-like cells. These cells are responsible for initiating and dispersing the peristalsis (slow wave electric activity). Determination of the existence and effects of the İnterstitial Cajal-like cells in human uterus and tuba uterina will enable us better understanding neurophsyology of the reproductive system

Modifiye tandem traksiyon yüz arkı apareyinin hava yolu boyutuna etkisi

Amaç: Sınıf III maloklüzyon tedavisinde kullanılan modifiye tandem traksiyon yüz arkı (MTTYA) apareyinin faringeal hava yolu boyutları üzerine olan etkisini incelemekti. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmanın materyalini, iskeletsel ve dişsel Sınıf III maloklüzyona sahip, MTTYA apareyi ile tedavi edilmiş olan 20 bireyin (8 kadın ve 12 erkek; yaş ortalaması 10 yıl 1 ay) tedavi öncesi (T1) ve sonrası (T2) lateral sefalometrik radyografileri oluşturdu. MTTYA apareyinin üst plağından yüz arkına oklüzal düzlemle 35-40° açı yapacak şekilde 400-500 g. kuvvet uygulayan elastikler asıldı. Ortalama 12 aylık tedavi uygulandı. Faringeal havayolu boyut ve alan ölçümleri yapıldı. İstatistiksel analizde, Kolmogorov-Smirnov ve eşleştirilmiş t testleri kullanıldı ve p<0.05 değeri anlamlı olarak kabul edildi. Bulgular: Tedavi ile maksillada ileri yönde harekette (p<0.001) ve efektif maksilla ve mandibula boyutlarında anlamlı artışlar ortaya çıktı (p<0.001). Mandibular düzlem eğiminin artışı (p<0.001) ile mandibulada posterior rotasyon saptandı. Orofaringeal alanda (OA) anlamlı düzeyde (p<0.05) ve nazofaringeal alanda (NA) anlamlı olmayan düzeyde artışlar gözlendi. Hyoid kemik, anlamlı olmayan düzeyde öne ve aşağıya yer değiştirdi. Sonuç: Sınıf III malokluzyon tedavisinde kullanılan MTTYA apareyi uygulaması ile orofaringeal havayolu alanında olumlu yönde değişiklik gözlendi

Effect of resveratrol and metformin on ovarian reserve and ultrastructure in PCOS: an experimental study

Abstract Background PCOS is a reproductive hormonal abnormality and a metabolic disorder. It is frequently associated with insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress. We aim to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of combined therapy of resveratrol and metformin on polycystic ovaries via SIRT1 and AMPK activation. Methods Wistar albino rats were divided into control and experimental (PCOS) groups. DHEA-induced PCOS rats were given resveratrol (20 mg/kg/day), metformin (300 mg/kg/day) and combined therapy. At the end of the experiment, the body and ovarian weight of rats were measured and blood samples were analyzed for FSH, LH, testosterone, AMH, TNF-α and MDA levels. Histopathological evaluation of ovaries were carried out by light and electron microscopy. SIRT1 and AMPK immunreactivity and TUNEL assay were scored. Data were statistically analyzed by SPSS programme. Results Metformin and combined treatment groups reduced the body and ovary weights compared to the PCOS group. Serum testosterone levels were significantly higher in the PCOS group than in the control group and this was reduced when PCOS was treated with all but especially resveratrol. All the treatment groups decreased LH, LH/FSH, TNF-α and tissue AMH levels which were induced in the PCOS group, whereas metformin was unable to improve the increased MDA and plasma AMH levels. Treatment with resveratrol and/or metformin ameliorated the elevated number of secondary and atretic follicles and the decreased number of Graafian follicles in the PCOS group, which indicates the effect of the treatments on the maintenance of folliculogenesis. Light and electron microscopic findings supported the analysis of follicular count. Increased number of TUNEL (+) granulosa cells in the PCOS group were reduced significantly in the treatment groups. Resveratrol and metformin increased SIRT1 and AMPK immunreactivity, respectively, compared to the PCOS group. Conclusions The results suggest that combined therapy of metformin and resveratrol may improve the weight gain, hormone profile and ovarian follicular cell architecture by inducing antioxidant and antiinflammatory systems via SIRT1 and AMPK activation in PCOS