20 research outputs found
Long range spatial correlation between two Brownian particles under external driving
We study the large distance behavior of a steady distribution of two Brownian
particles under external driving in a two-dimensional space. Employing a method
of perturbative system reduction, we analyze a Fokker-Planck equation that
describes the time evolution of the probability density for the two particles.
The expression we obtain shows that there exist a long range correlation
between the two particles, of type.Comment: 11 page
Critical phenomena in globally coupled excitable elements
Critical phenomena in globally coupled excitable elements are studied by
focusing on a saddle-node bifurcation at the collective level. Critical
exponents that characterize divergent fluctuations of interspike intervals near
the bifurcation are calculated theoretically. The calculated values appear to
be in good agreement with those determined by numerical experiments. The
relevance of our results to jamming transitions is also mentioned.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Theoretical analysis for critical fluctuations of relaxation trajectory near a saddle-node bifurcation
A Langevin equation whose deterministic part undergoes a saddle-node
bifurcation is investigated theoretically. It is found that statistical
properties of relaxation trajectories in this system exhibit divergent
behaviors near a saddle-node bifurcation point in the weak-noise limit, while
the final value of the deterministic solution changes discontinuously at the
point. A systematic formulation for analyzing a path probability measure is
constructed on the basis of a singular perturbation method. In this
formulation, the critical nature turns out to originate from the neutrality of
exiting time from a saddle-point. The theoretical calculation explains results
of numerical simulations.Comment: 18pages, 17figures.The version 2, in which minor errors have been
fixed, will be published in Phys. Rev.
Scale-free patterns at a saddle-node bifurcation in a stochastic system
We demonstrate that scale-free patterns are observed in a spatially extended
stochastic system whose deterministic part undergoes a saddle-node bifurcation.
Remarkably, the scale-free patterns appear only at a particular time in
relaxation processes from a spatially homogeneous initial condition. We
characterize the scale-free nature in terms of the spatial configuration of the
exiting time from a marginal saddle where the pair annihilation of a saddle and
a node occurs at the bifurcation point. Critical exponents associated with the
scale-free patterns are determined by numerical experiments.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figure
Obliquity of an Earth-like planet from frequency modulation of its direct imaged lightcurve: mock analysis from general circulation model simulation
Direct-imaging techniques of exoplanets have made significant progress
recently, and will eventually enable to monitor photometric and spectroscopic
signals of earth-like habitable planets in the future. The presence of clouds,
however, would remain as one of the most uncertain components in deciphering
such direct-imaged signals of planets. We attempt to examine how the planetary
obliquity produce different cloud patterns by performing a series of GCM
(General Circulation Model) simulation runs using a set of parameters relevant
for our Earth. Then we use the simulated photometric lightcurves to compute
their frequency modulation due to the planetary spin-orbit coupling over an
entire orbital period, and attempt to see to what extent one can estimate the
obliquity of an Earth-twin. We find that it is possible to estimate the
obliquity of an Earth-twin within the uncertainty of several degrees with a
dedicated 4 m space telescope at 10 pc away from the system if the stellar flux
is completely blocked. While our conclusion is based on several idealized
assumptions, a frequency modulation of a directly-imaged earth-like planet
offers a unique methodology to determine its obliquity.Comment: 29 pages, 18 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
Thymidine Catabolism as a Metabolic Strategy for Cancer Survival
Thymidine phosphorylase (TP), a rate-limiting enzyme in thymidine catabolism, plays a pivotal role in tumor progression; however, the mechanisms underlying this role are not fully understood. Here, we found that TP-mediated thymidine catabolism could supply the carbon source in the glycolytic pathway and thus contribute to cell survival under conditions of nutrient deprivation. In TP-expressing cells, thymidine was converted to metabolites, including glucose 6-phosphate, lactate, 5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate, and serine, via the glycolytic pathway both in vitro and in vivo. These thymidine-derived metabolites were required for the survival of cells under low-glucose conditions. Furthermore, activation of thymidine catabolism was observed in human gastric cancer. These findings demonstrate that thymidine can serve as a glycolytic pathway substrate in human cancer cells
Thymidine catabolism promotes NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling in KB and yumoto cells
Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the thymidine catabolic pathway. TP is identical to platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor and contributes to tumour angiogenesis. TP induces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhances the expression of oxidative stress-responsive genes, such as interleukin (IL)-8. However, the mechanism underlying ROS induction by TP remains unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated that TP promotes NADPH oxidase-derived ROS signalling in cancer cells. NADPH oxidase inhibition using apocynin or small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) abrogated the induction of IL-8 and ROS in TP-expressing cancer cells. Meanwhile, thymidine catabolism induced by TP increased the levels of NADPH and intermediates of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Both siRNA knockdown of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), a rate-limiting enzyme in PPP, and a G6PD inhibitor, dihydroepiandrosterone, reduced TP-induced ROS production. siRNA downregulation of 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate (DR5P) aldolase, which is needed for DR5P to enter glycolysis, also suppressed the induction of NADPH and IL-8 in TP-expressing cells. These results suggested that TP-mediated thymidine catabolism increases the intracellular NADPH level via the PPP, which enhances the production of ROS by NADPH oxidase and activates its downstream signalling
CXCL10 REGULATION BY THYMIDINE PHOSPHORYLASE IN RA
The sworn affidavit of Stephen R. Wee and attachment, Establishment of the Coeur d\u27Alene Indian Reservation and the Transformation of Coeur d\u27Alene Land and Water Use, From Contract Through Allotment, in support thereof