1,162 research outputs found
On the use of intermediate infrared and microwave infrared in weather satellites
Intermediate, and microwave infrared measurements by weather satellite
On the uses of intermediate infrared and microwave infrared in meteorological satellites Semiannual report
Intermediate infrared and microwave infrared applications in meteorological satellite
On the uses of intermediate infrared and microwave infrared in meteorological satellites Third semiannual report
Analysis of Nimbus satellite high resolution infrared radiation grid point data, surface emissivity in intermediate region, and meteorological modeling for microwave stud
Boundary conditions and stability of a perfectly matched layer for the elastic wave equation in first order form
The article of record as published by be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2015.09.048In computations, it is now common to surround artificial boundaries of a computational domain with a perfectly matched layer (PML) of finite thickness in order to prevent artificially reflected waves from contaminating a numerical simulation. Unfortunately, the PML does not give us an indication about appropriate boundary conditions needed to close the edges of the PML, or how those boundary conditions should be enforced in a numerical setting. Terminating the PML with an inappropriate boundary condition or an unstable numerical boundary procedure can lead to exponential growth in the PML which will eventually destroy the accuracy of a numerical simulation everywhere. In this paper, we analyze the stability and the well-posedness of boundary conditions terminating the PML for the elastic wave equation in first order form. First, we consider a vertical modal PML truncating a two space dimensional computational domain in the horizontal direction. We freeze all coefficients and consider a left half-plane problem with linear boundary conditions terminating the PML. The normal mode analysis is used to study the stability and well-posedness of the resulting initial boundary value problem (IBVP). The result is that any linear well-posed boundary condition yielding an energy estimate for the elastic wave equation, without the PML, will also lead to a well-posed IBVP for the PML. Second, we extend the analysis to the PML corner region where both a horizontal and vertical PML are simultaneously active. The challenge lies in constructing accurate and stable numerical approximations for the PML and the boundary conditions. Third, we develop a high order accurate finite difference approximation of the PML subject to the boundary conditions. To enable accurate and stable numerical boundary treatments for the PML we construct continuous energy estimates in the Laplace space for a one space dimensional problem and two space dimensional PML corner problem. We use summation-by-parts finite difference operators to approximate the spatial derivatives and impose boundary conditions weakly using penalties. In order to ensure numerical stability of the discrete PML, it is necessary to extend the numerical boundary procedure to the auxiliary differential equations. This is crucial for deriving discrete energy estimates analogous to the continuous energy estimates. Numerical experiments are presented corroborating the theoretical results. Moreover, in order to ensure longtime numerical stability, the boundary condition closing the PML, or its corresponding discrete implementation, must be dissipative. Furthermore, the numerical experiments demonstrate the stable and robust treatment of PML corners
On the use of intermediate infrared and microwave infrared in weather satellites First annual report
Microwave infrared sensors in meteorological satellite payloads to obtain additional weather informatio
Constraint-preserving boundary treatment for a harmonic formulation of the Einstein equations
We present a set of well-posed constraint-preserving boundary conditions for
a first-order in time, second-order in space, harmonic formulation of the
Einstein equations. The boundary conditions are tested using robust stability,
linear and nonlinear waves, and are found to be both less reflective and
constraint preserving than standard Sommerfeld-type boundary conditions.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figures, accepted in CQ
Long-term follow-up of beryllium sensitized workers from a single employer
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Up to 12% of beryllium-exposed American workers would test positive on beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test (BeLPT) screening, but the implications of sensitization remain uncertain.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Seventy two current and former employees of a beryllium manufacturer, including 22 with pathologic changes of chronic beryllium disease (CBD), and 50 without, with a confirmed positive test were followed-up for 7.4 +/-3.1 years.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Beyond predicted effects of aging, flow rates and lung volumes changed little from baseline, while D<sub>L</sub>CO dropped 17.4% of predicted on average. Despite this group decline, only 8 subjects (11.1%) demonstrated physiologic or radiologic abnormalities typical of CBD. Other than baseline status, no clinical or laboratory feature distinguished those who clinically manifested CBD at follow-up from those who did not.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The clinical outlook remains favorable for beryllium-sensitized individuals over the first 5-12 years. However, declines in D<sub>L</sub>CO may presage further and more serious clinical manifestations in the future. These conclusions are tempered by the possibility of selection bias and other study limitations.</p
Numerical evolutions of a black hole-neutron star system in full General Relativity: I. Head-on collision
We present the first simulations in full General Relativity of the head-on
collision between a neutron star and a black hole of comparable mass. These
simulations are performed through the solution of the Einstein equations
combined with an accurate solution of the relativistic hydrodynamics equations
via high-resolution shock-capturing techniques. The initial data is obtained by
following the York-Lichnerowicz conformal decomposition with the assumption of
time symmetry. Unlike other relativistic studies of such systems, no limitation
is set for the mass ratio between the black hole and the neutron star, nor on
the position of the black hole, whose apparent horizon is entirely contained
within the computational domain. The latter extends over ~400M and is covered
with six levels of fixed mesh refinement. Concentrating on a prototypical
binary system with mass ratio ~6, we find that although a tidal deformation is
evident the neutron star is accreted promptly and entirely into the black hole.
While the collision is completed before ~300M, the evolution is carried over up
to ~1700M, thus providing time for the extraction of the gravitational-wave
signal produced and allowing for a first estimate of the radiative efficiency
of processes of this type.Comment: 16 pages, 12 figure
Computational Modeling of Dynamical Systems
In this short note, we discuss the basic approach to computational modeling
of dynamical systems. If a dynamical system contains multiple time scales,
ranging from very fast to slow, computational solution of the dynamical system
can be very costly. By resolving the fast time scales in a short time
simulation, a model for the effect of the small time scale variation on large
time scales can be determined, making solution possible on a long time
interval. This process of computational modeling can be completely automated.
Two examples are presented, including a simple model problem oscillating at a
time scale of 1e-9 computed over the time interval [0,100], and a lattice
consisting of large and small point masses
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