Using Arsoy™ as a protein supplement in growing cattle diets

Arsoy™ Soybean Feed is a by-product from the manufacture of soy protein isolate. It contains nearly 30% crude protein, but there is little documentation about its feeding value. Therefore, we fed basal growing diets of corn silage and stover to 196 crossbred heifers and supplemented those diets with soybean meal, Arsoy, or a combination of soybean meal and high moisture corn to determine the feeding value of Arsoy. Our results suggest that Arsoy can be substituted for soybean meal in growing cattle diets, without any negative impact on animal performance, dry matter intake, or feed efficiency

Influence of increasing proportion of supplemental nitrogen from urea on intake and fermentation characteristics in beef steers consuming low-quality, tallgrass-prairie forage

Five ruminally and duodenally fistulated Angus × Hereford steers were used to determine intake and fermentation responses associated with increasing the proportion of supplemental degradable intake protein (DIP) provided by urea. Steers had free access to a dormant, tallgrass-prairie forage. The supplemental DIP was provided by sodium caseinate and (or) urea , at a level that was determined previously to optimize use of a similar forage. Supplemental DIP was balanced with corn starch to provide a final supplement of 40% crude protein. Percentages of DIP from urea were: 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%. Supplements were given intraruminally. Increasing the percentage of urea as supplemental DIP from urea did not significantly affect forage DM intake; however, fermentation characteristics changed

Effects of feeding two microbial additives in sequence on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing heifers

Four hundred fifty heifers (846 lb) were used in a 126-day experiment to investigate the effects of feeding two microbial additives, Lactobacillus acidophilus BG2FO4 (MicroCell) and Propionibacterium freudenreichii P-63 (MicroCell PB), alone or in sequence, on feedlot growth performance and carcass characteristics. A 21-day step-up period preceded heifers being placed on a final finishing diet containing 10% corn silage, 42% steam-flaked corn, 42% high-moisture corn, 3% soybean meal, and 3% mineral supplement. Premeasured amounts of microbial additive were mixed with water before being mixed directly with the total ration. Treatments consisted of 1) no microbial additive; 2) MicroCell for the entire period; 3) MicroCell PB for the entire period; 4) MicroCell for 28 days then MicroCell PB for the remainder of the period; and 5) MicroCell PB for 28 days then MicroCell for the remainder of the period. Feeding MicroCell for 28 days and then MicroCell PB for the remainder of the feeding period resulted in significant improvements (P<.10) in daily gain and feed efficiency

The effect of a core antigen vaccine on health and performance of cattle diagnosed with bovine respiratory disease

When studied in receiving trials at three locations, health or performance of calves receiving a core antigen vaccine was not improved

Feeding raw soybeans to finishing cattle

Two finishing trials were performed to determine if raw soybeans could be incorporated into diets to partially replace soybean meal and beef tallow. Our data indicated that no sacrifices in animal performance, feed efficiency, and carcass quality will occur if cattle feeders replace soybean meal and tallow with raw dryrolled soybeans. The feeding value of raw soybeans is equal to .8 times the value of 44% CP soybean meal plus .2 times the value of fancy bleachable tallow. Raw soybeans contain the enzyme, urease, which converts urea to ammonia. Therefore, caution should be used in mixing raw soybeans with urea-containing diets

Using Arsoy™ as a protein supplement in growing cattle diets

Arsoy™ Soybean Feed is a by-product from the manufacture of soy protein isolate. It contains nearly 30% crude protein, but there is little documentation about its feeding value. Therefore, we fed basal growing diets of corn silage and stover to 196 crossbred heifers and supplemented those diets with soybean meal, Arsoy, or a combination of soybean meal and high moisture corn to determine the feeding value of Arsoy. Our results suggest that Arsoy can be substituted for soybean meal in growing cattle diets, without any negative impact on animal performance, dry matter intake, or feed efficiency

Hydrocortisone acetate-injected piglets have a larger pancreas and greater mucosal weight and lactase, maltase, and sucrose activities in the duodenum

One litter of 12 piglets was used in a completely random design to evaluate the effects of hydrocortisone acetate injections on organ weight and carbohydrase activities. Dams' milk was the only food source available to the piglets. When they were 7 d old, six pigs were injected with hydrocortisone acetate (50 mg/kg BW; 50 mg/ml) and six others were injected with an equal volume of saline (1 ml/kg BW). When the pigs were 14 d old, tissues were collected, weighed, and analyzed for carbohydrase activities. Hydrocortisone acetate injection had no effect on pig daily gain (d 7 to 14), liver weight, spleen weight, or small intestinal (SI) length. However, it did increase pancreatic weight by 29%. Consequently, total pancreatic alpha-amylase was 38% greater in hydrocortisone-injected pigs. Hydrocortisone also increased duodenal mucosal weight (per cm of SI) by 23%, duodenal lactase activity (per cm of SI) by 44%, duodenal maltase activity (per cm of SI) by 163% and duodenal sucrase activity (per cm of SI) by 214%. There was little effect on disaccharidase activities in the jejunum or ileum. We conclude that hydrocortisone acetate may be useful to stimulate pancreatic growth and duodenal mucosal weight as well as lactase, maltase, and sucrase activity in 7-d-old pigs

Dietary influences on pancreatic amylase and small intestinal disaccharidase activities in cattle

Pancreatic alpha-amylase activity was 54% higher in cattle fed at twice maintenance energy than in cattle fed at maintenance and was 52% greater in hay-fed than grain-fed cattle. Increased pancreatic alpha-amylase activity probably represents increased secretion as well. Alpha-amylase activity in small intestinal digesta was greater with increased energy intake and with hay feeding. Small intestine mucosal disaccharidase activities in cattle were unaffected by diet. Lactase activity was highest in the proximal segment of the small intestine and low in both mid and distal segments. Maltase and isomaltase activities were low in the duodenum, but increased toward the jejunum and remained elevated through the terminal ileum

Glucose, starch, and dextrin utilization in the small intestine of steers

Glucose infused into the abomasum of Holstein steers resulted in higher arterial glucose concentrations and increased net glucose absorption than either starch or dextrin infusions. Increasing infusion rates above 20 g/hr for both starch and dextrin resulted in no further increases in net glucose absorption. Even though the enzymatic starch and dextrin hydrolysis became saturated above 25 g/hr, the amount of starch and dextrin disappearing in the small intestine increased with higher infusion rates. This was accompanied by increased volatile fatty acid concentrations in the ileal fluid with starch and dextrin infusions, but not when glucose was infused. These data support two concepts: (l) microbial fermentation is involved in small-intestinal starch disappearance and (2) starch and dextrin hydrolysis in the small intestine of steers is more rate limiting than glucose absorptive capacity

Local e extensão da digestão em terneiros desmamados alimentados "Ad Libitum" com dietas ricas em concentrado contendo diferentes fontes de proteína suplementar Site and extent of digestion by weaned calves fed "Ad Libitum" on high concentrate-rich diets with different supplemental protein sources

Foram utilizados nove terneiros da raça Holandesa (139 &plusmn; 2,4kg), fistulados no duodeno, em um delineamento experimental completamente casualizado para estudar o efeito da suplementação com diferentes fontes protéicas (2% de uréia ou 10% de farinha de carne na dieta total) de dietas ricas em concentrado (milho e farelo de soja) sobre o local e extensão da digestão do alimento, em condições de consumo ad libitum. A relação volumoso:concentrado das dietas foi de 30:70. A digestibilidade ruminal e total da matéria seca, matéria orgânica e nitrogênio, assim como o fluxo duodenal de nitrogênio microbiano e residual do alimento, e a eficiência da síntese protéica microbiana foram semelhantes nos dois tratamentos (P>0,10). A digestibilidade ruminal do amido também foi semelhante, mas a digestibilidade total foi menor no tratamento com uréia (P<0,10). No entanto, é provável que isso seja devido mais a limitações dos ruminantes em digerir amido no intestino delgado do que a uma influência do suplemento protéico. O uso de uréia ou de farinha de carne, como fontes de proteína suplementar de dietas à base de milho e farelo de soja, balanceadas para suprir a demanda de crescimento de terneiros jovens e fornecidas ad libitum, não influencia significativamente o processo de digestão nestes animais. Deste modo, a escolha por um outro suplemento depende mais de outros critérios do que dos nutricionais.<br>Nine weaned Holstein calves (139 &plusmn; 2.4kg) fitted with duodenal cannulas were used in a completly ramdomized design to study the effects of supplemental protein sources (2% of urea or 10% of meat meal) of high concentrate diets (corn and soybean meal) on site and extent of digestion of feed, in ad libitum feeding conditions. The forage:concentrate ratio was 30:70. The ruminal and total digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and nitrogen, as well as microbial and feed residual nitrogen duodenal flow, and the microbial protein synthesis efficiency were similar for both treatments (P>0.10). The ruminal digestibility of starch was also similar, but total digestibility was lower for urea treatment (P<0.10). However, this is probably due more to the limited capacity of ruminants to digest starch in the intestines than to an effect of the protein supplement. The use of urea or meat meal, as supplemental protein sources for corn and soybean meal based diets, formulated to supply the growth requirements of calves fed ad libitum, did not affect the digestion process.Thus, the choise of the protein supplement do not depend on nutritionals reasons