LOW LEVEL OF AFLATOXIN IN BROILER AT EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS. USE OF CELL WALL YEAST AS ADSORBENT OF AFLATOXIN

Este estudo foi realizado para avaliar a eficácia da parede celular de Saccharomyces cerevisiae (PCSC) como inibidor dos efeitos tóxicos da aflatoxina em frangos de corte de 1 a 42 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 320 frangos distribuídos em quatro tratamentos com quatro repetições de 20 aves cada: T1- controle; T2 0.1% PCSC; T3 500 ppb de aflatoxina; T4 0.1% PCSC + 500 ppb de aflatoxina. Os parâmetros avaliados foram consumo de ração; ganho de peso; conversão alimentar; peso relativo de fígado, rins e bursa de Fabricius. O nível de Aflatoxina da dieta afetou (P0,05) outros parâmetros de desempenho aos 21 e 42 dias de idade. A PCSC melhorou a conversão alimentar das aves expostas ou não à aflatoxina aos 42 dias de idade. A aflatoxina e/ou PCSC da dieta não afetaram o peso relativo dos órgãos avaliados. Não foram observadas interações entre aflatoxina e PCSC. Os resultados demonstram que, nos níveis utilizados no presente estudo, a aflatoxina não causa efeitos deletérios às aves em condições experimentais. Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CWSC) as an inhibitor of the toxic effects of aflatoxin in broilers from 1 to 42 days of age. A total of 320 broilers were distributed in four treatments with four replicates of 20 birds each: T1- control; T2 0.1% CWSC; T3 500 ppb of aflatoxin; T4 0.1% CWSC + 500 ppb of aflatoxin. The parameters evaluated were feed intake; weight gain, feed conversion; relative weights of liver, kidneys and bursa of Fabricius. Although aflatoxin has decreased (P0.05) other performance parameters when the birds were at 21 and 42 days of age. The CWSC improved the feed conversion of birds exposed or not to aflatoxin at 42 days of age. The aflatoxin and / or CWSC in the diet did not affect the relative weight of evaluated organs. No interaction between CWSC and dietary aflatoxin was found. These results demonstrate that, at the levels given in this study, aflatoxin do not cause deleterious effects in the performance of broilers when in experimental conditions

LOW LEVEL OF AFLATOXIN IN BROILER AT EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS. USE OF CELL WALL YEAST AS ADSORBENT OF AFLATOXIN

Este estudo foi realizado para avaliar a eficácia da parede celular de Saccharomyces cerevisiae (PCSC) como inibidor dos efeitos tóxicos da aflatoxina em frangos de corte de 1 a 42 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 320 frangos distribuídos em quatro tratamentos com quatro repetições de 20 aves cada: T1- controle; T2 – 0.1% PCSC; T3 – 500 ppb de aflatoxina; T4 – 0.1% PCSC + 500 ppb de aflatoxina. Os parâmetros avaliados foram consumo de ração; ganho de peso; conversão alimentar; peso relativo de fígado, rins e bursa de Fabricius. O nível de Aflatoxina da dieta afetou (P0,05) outros parâmetros de desempenho aos 21 e 42 dias de idade. A PCSC melhorou a conversão alimentar das aves expostas ou não à aflatoxina aos 42 dias de idade. A aflatoxina e/ou PCSC da dieta não afetaram o peso relativo dos órgãos avaliados. Não foram observadas interações entre aflatoxina e PCSC. Os resultados demonstram que, nos níveis utilizados no presente estudo, a aflatoxina não causa efeitos deletérios às aves em condições experimentais. Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CWSC) as an inhibitor of the toxic effects of aflatoxin in broilers from 1 to 42 days of age. A total of 320 broilers were distributed in four treatments with four replicates of 20 birds each: T1- control; T2 – 0.1% CWSC; T3 – 500 ppb of aflatoxin; T4 – 0.1% CWSC + 500 ppb of aflatoxin. The parameters evaluated were feed intake; weight gain, feed conversion; relative weights of liver, kidneys and bursa of Fabricius. Although aflatoxin has decreased (P0.05) other performance parameters when the birds were at 21 and 42 days of age. The CWSC improved the feed conversion of birds exposed or not to aflatoxin at 42 days of age. The aflatoxin and / or CWSC in the diet did not affect the relative weight of evaluated organs. No interaction between CWSC and dietary aflatoxin was found. These results demonstrate that, at the levels given in this study, aflatoxin do not cause deleterious effects in the performance of broilers when in experimental conditions

Different phytase levels and energy densities in broiler diets on performance, nutrient digestibility, and bone integrity from 28 to 35 days of age

ABSTRACT The study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the effects of using phytase levels at different energy densities in the diet of broilers, from 28 to 35 days of age. The experimental diets contained increasing levels of apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance and different levels of phytase. Growth performance variables, nutrient digestibility, as well as variables related to bone integrity were examined. Diets containing 500 FTU/kg in combination with 3150kcal.kg-1 of AMEn resulted in better growth performance. Supplementation with 500 and 1000 FTU/kg in the diets provide better coefficients of apparent and ileal digestibility of calcium and phosphorus, but negatively influence the deposition of calcium, phosphorus, dry matter, and ash in the tibia, in addition to adversely affecting the breakage and area of these bones in broilers. Bone length and the levels of magnesium and zinc present in the tibias were not influenced by the energy and phytase levels of the diets. There is no interaction between the different energetic densities and the phytase doses in the variables analyzed in the studied period. Increasing the energy density of diets resulted in improved apparent and ileal digestibility for most nutrients

A prospective study on weight loss and energy intake in patients with head and neck cancer, during diagnosis, treatment and revalidation.

Contains fulltext : 49531.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)BACKGROUND & AIMS: Patients with head and neck carcinomas often loose a significant percentage of weight, which correlates with the complication rate. Only limited information is available on the moment and extent of weight loss and energy intake in time and the relation with type of treatment. The aim of this study was to describe the moment and extent of weight loss and nutritional energy intake in patients with tumors in oral cavity, oropharynx and hypopharynx during diagnosis, treatment and revalidation. METHODS: An observational, prospective study on weight changes and nutritional intake in these patients was carried out during diagnosis, treatment and revalidation in relation to the type of treatment. RESULTS: Forty-seven patients successfully completed the study. A significant difference in mean bodyweight was found for patients treated by radiotherapy during treatment (-3.3 kg, P=0.01) and the early revalidation period (-3.4 kg, P=0.01) and for patients treated with surgery during diagnoses (-1.5 kg, P=0.001) and early revalidation period (1.6 kg, P=0.02). Overall patients lowered their energy intake by 122 kcal/day followed by a significant increase in energy intake during revalidation 326 kcal/day (P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The radiotherapy and the concomitant radio-chemotherapy group lost most body weight during treatment and early revalidation. All treatment groups experienced a decrease in energy intake during treatment followed by a significant increase during revalidation

Growth performance, morphometric analysis of the intestinal mucosa and thyroid of broiler fed canola meal

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacing soybean meal with canola meal in broiler diets on performance, liver histopathology, morphometry of the intestinal mucosa and thyroid. One-day-old Cobb chicks (n=300) were distributed in a completely randomized design, with increasing levels of replacement of soybean meal with canola meal (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) and 6 repetitions of 10 birds each. Weight gain decreased linearly (P< 0.05) with increasing levels of inclusion of canola meal, in all stages. Villus height in the duodenum and jejunum linearly decreased (P< 0.05). Follicle diameter and thyroid follicular epithelium height increased linearly with increasing levels of canola meal (P< 0.05). Similarly, there was an increase in relative weight of liver and heart, and liver steatosis in the highest levels of replacement. In conclusion, the replacement of soybean meal with canola meal can reduce performance, adversely affecting the thyroid, liver and the morphometric characteristics in the duodenum and jejunum

Growth performance, morphometric analysis of the intestinal mucosa and thyroid of broiler fed canola meal

<div><p>ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacing soybean meal with canola meal in broiler diets on performance, liver histopathology, morphometry of the intestinal mucosa and thyroid. One-day-old Cobb chicks (n=300) were distributed in a completely randomized design, with increasing levels of replacement of soybean meal with canola meal (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) and 6 repetitions of 10 birds each. Weight gain decreased linearly (P< 0.05) with increasing levels of inclusion of canola meal, in all stages. Villus height in the duodenum and jejunum linearly decreased (P< 0.05). Follicle diameter and thyroid follicular epithelium height increased linearly with increasing levels of canola meal (P< 0.05). Similarly, there was an increase in relative weight of liver and heart, and liver steatosis in the highest levels of replacement. In conclusion, the replacement of soybean meal with canola meal can reduce performance, adversely affecting the thyroid, liver and the morphometric characteristics in the duodenum and jejunum.</p></div