Participacija stranih banaka i bankarske krize u tranzicijskim gospodarstvima

Using a fixed effect multivariate panel logit econometric model and taking possible endogenity problem into account, we test the hypothesis that foreign bank participation contributes to decrease in banking crises in transition economies in 1990-2006. The results suggest that foreign bank participation decreases the possibility of banking crises, controlling for other factors that may cause banking crises. This paper contributes to the literature by presenting the first empirical evidence on the negative relationship between the actual level of foreign bank presence (or foreign bank concentration) and banking crises for transition countries.Koristeći multivarijatni panelni logit ekonometrijski model s fiksnim učinkom i uzimajući u obzir mogući problem endogenosti, testirali smo hipotezu da participacija stranih banaka doprinosi smanjenju bankarskih kriza u tranzicijskim gospodarstvima u periodu od 1990-2006. Rezultati ukazuju na to da participacija stranih banaka umanjuje mogućnost za bankarske krize kontrolirajući ostale faktore koji takve krize mogu uzrokovati. Ovaj rad doprinosi literaturi tako što predstavlja prve empirijske dokaze negativnog odnosa stvarne razine prisustva stranih banaka (koncentracije stranih banaka) i bankarskih kriza u tranzicijskim gospodarstvima

Religious, Ethnic, Linguistic and Cultural Diversity and Female Labor Force Participation

Abstract. There are numerous macro and micro level determinants of female labor force participation (FLFP) counted in the literature. Besides the other explanatory factors of FLFP, diversification in religion, ethnicity, language and culture in a society may also play an important role in the explanation of FLFP. Therefore this study empirically examines the impact of religion, ethnic, linguistic, and cultural diversity on FLFP by using a cross-section data of 109 countries. We hypothesize that societies with higher level of religion, ethnic, linguistic, and cultural diversity experience higher level of FLFP via interaction across distinct religions, ethnicities, languages, and cultures. Our empirical results endorse our hypothesis for religion, ethnicity, and language except culture. This finding reveals that diversification in religion, ethnicity, and language in a country significantly and positively affects the FLFP level in that country.Keywords. Religion, Ethnicity, Language, Culture, Female labor force participation, Multivariate analysis.JEL. C13, C21, J21, Z1, Z12, Z13

The impact of participation banks on macroeconomic indicators in Turkey

Abstract. Demand for participation banks and participation banking instruments in Turkey is increasing its importance day by day. Along with the increase in interest for theinterest-free financial instruments in international financial markets after the second half of the 20th century, demand for interest-free financial instruments in Turkey over the past two decades has increased as well. However, the share of the Participation Banks in the financial system of Turkey’s economy is already only 5 %, which indicates that sufficient financial depth has not been achieved in this respect. From this point of view,in this study development of participation banking in Turkey and in the world and impacts of the funds extended by participation banks on real macroeconomic indicators (exports, gross domestic product, employment, household consumption expenditures and investments) are analyzed with the panel data analysis methodusing unbalanced panelquarterly data covering periods between 2010- 2017. The results of the analyses have shown that although its share in the financial system is below the expected level, funds extended by participation banks affect the indicators related to foreign trade, employment, supply and demand side of Turkey’s economy positively.Keywords. Participation banks, Macroeconomics indicators, Panel analysis, Heteroscedasticity, Autocorrelation.JEL. B22, C50, E50

Banking Crises and Diffusion of Information and Communication Technologies

In this study, the relationship between Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) penetration and banking crises is investigated using a panel logit model of the incidence of banking crises. The period under investigation is between 1990 and 2011, and the largest sample of the study consists of 182 countries. For robustness, four ICT indicators and bivariate models, as well as multivariate models, are used. Our empirical investigation suggests that the diffusion of ICT technologies increases the possibility of banking crises, controlling for other factors that may cause banking crises. Among ICT indicators used in the study, the number of fixed broadband subscriptions per 100 people has the largest effect on the probability of a banking crisis. This paper contributes to the literature on banking crises by presenting the first empirical evidence on the relationship between ICT penetration and banking crises

The Impact of ICT Penetration on Deforestation: A Panel Data Evidence

A growing number of case studies and reports suggest that Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) play an important role in fighting against deforestation, and the penetration of ICT help decrease deforestation in a different part of world’s forests. The aim of this study is to test whether diffusion of ICT contributes to decreasing in deforestation in the world. For this purpose, the effect of ICT penetration on deforestation is estimated by using bivariate and multivariate fixed time effect models. In the sample selection process, those countries having 2% or more forest area as a percentage of total land area we included in our analysis. The largest sample includes 174 countries. The period under study is between 1991 and 2012. It is found that ICT penetration is significantly and negatively associated with deforestation. The results are robust to the inclusion of a number of control variables as well as different indicators of ICT penetration and deforestation as such all available four ICT indicators and two deforestation indicators are used. To avoid potential spurious regression problems in the analyses, the original models are re-estimated by using the stationary forms of all independent and dependent variables. A strong negative correlation between ICT indicators and deforestation indicators is also supported by the findings of re-estimated bivariate and multivariate models. Empirical evidence at the macro level provided in this paper confirms the results mentioned in the case studies

E-commerce and consumer's purchasing behaviour

After its first exposure to the public in 1993, there has been a rapid increase in the use of the Internet for different purposes, particularly for electronic trade. In such a new trade area, there are a lot of issues to be addressed with regard to the consumer's purchasing behaviour. This study analyses the roles of sexual preference, primary place of online access, and online experience as well as demographic and economic factors on the consumer's purchasing decision. Moreover, this study investigates the impact of the potential and/or prevalent critical issues facing the Internet (e.g. taxation of services, privacy, censorship, etc.) on online orders. Surprisingly, sexual preferences have a large significant effect on online purchases. Gay and bisexual people are more likely to shop from the Internet than the other ones. The results, also, suggest that people with more online experiences in a more private and secure environment like home are disposed to order more from the Internet. In addition to that, only the issues of taxation of services and privacy have some statistically significant effects on online purchasing decisions. The former and latter have positive and negative impacts on online orders respectively.

The Impact of ICT Penetration on Deforestation: A Panel Data Evidence

A growing number of case studies and reports suggest that Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) play an important role in fighting against deforestation, and the penetration of ICT help decrease deforestation in a different part of world’s forests. The aim of this study is to test whether diffusion of ICT contributes to decreasing in deforestation in the world. For this purpose, the effect of ICT penetration on deforestation is estimated by using bivariate and multivariate fixed time effect models. In the sample selection process, those countries having 2% or more forest area as a percentage of total land area we included in our analysis. The largest sample includes 174 countries. The period under study is between 1991 and 2012. It is found that ICT penetration is significantly and negatively associated with deforestation. The results are robust to the inclusion of a number of control variables as well as different indicators of ICT penetration and deforestation as such all available four ICT indicators and two deforestation indicators are used. To avoid potential spurious regression problems in the analyses, the original models are re-estimated by using the stationary forms of all independent and dependent variables. A strong negative correlation between ICT indicators and deforestation indicators is also supported by the findings of re-estimated bivariate and multivariate models. Empirical evidence at the macro level provided in this paper confirms the results mentioned in the case studies

PREDICTING CORRUPT PRACTICES IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR FOR 23 OECD COUNTRIES

This paper adopts the MIMIC approach to estimate the relative development of corruption in 23 OECD countries for the period 1975-1993. The results indicate that Japan, Portugal, Spain, Greece, South Korea, and Turkey face with relatively high level of corruption while Netherlands, Norway, Ireland, Denmark, and Belgium experience relatively low level of corruption over time. For the other countries, corruption falls in either moderate category or fluctuates between two different categories. By using panel regression, we also found a statistically significant negative impact of the estimated corruption index on the investment level but not on the economic growth.Corruption, bribery, government, growth, investment