Helminths of the sand lizard, Lacerta agilis (Reptilia, Lacertidae), in the Palaearctic: faunal diversity and spatial patterns of variation in the composition and structure of component communities

We studied variation in the structure of component communities of helminths in sand lizards, Lacerta agilis, from 30 localities in the Ukraine and Bulgaria. Thirty-five separate samples of lizards, with a total of 661 completely censused infracommunities, yielded 30 helminth species (4 cestodes, 10 trematodes, 3 acanthocephalans and 13 nematodes). In its range within the Ukraine, L. agilis serves as the final host for 13 species of which only 3 (S. lacertae, S. hoffmanni and P. molini) can be considered as lizard specialists. A characteristic feature of these helminth component communities was thelarge proportion of heteroxeneous helminth species for which L. agilis serves as paratenic host. Sand lizards in the meadow steppeland zone were primarily parasitized by larval helminths that represented a major proportion of the total number of all worms recovered while those sampled in the grassland}forest transition zone were characterized by substantially higher proportions of adult helminths using lizards as final hosts. However, L. agilis was parasitized by a much higher proportion of lizard specialists in the `typical ' habitats of the meadow steppeland zone as opposed to those located in `marginal' habitats in the grassland/forest transition zone, where helminths were shared to a greater extent with amphibian hosts

Принятие решений в условиях многокритериальности с комбинаторными свойствами альтернатив

В статье рассматривается задача принятия решений при многих критериях на комбинаторных конфигурациях. Такие задачи являются моделями многих практических задач. Обосновываются свойства области допустимых решений задачи, базирующиеся на свойствах многогранника размещений, вершины которого определяют заданное комбинаторное множество точек. Представлено множество альтернатив в виде ориентированного графа многогранника размещений. Описываются свойства графа многогранника размещений, которые используются для разработки нового метода решений предлагаемой задачи на графе.У статті розглядується задача прийняття рішень при багатьох критеріях на комбінаторних конфігураціях. Такі задачі є моделями багатьох практичних задач. Обґрунтовуються властивості області допустимих рішень задачі, що базуються на властивостях многогранника розміщень, вершини якого визначають задану комбінаторну множину точок. Представлено множину альтернатив у вигляді орієнтованого графа многогранника розміщень. Описуються властивості графа многогранника розміщень, які використовуються для розробки нового методу розв’язання пропонованої задачі на графі.In article the decision-making task is considered at many criteria on combinatorial configurations which is models of many practical tasks. Properties of area of admissible solutions the tasks which are based on properties of a polyhedron of allocations which tops define the set combinatorial point set are proved. It is presented sets of alternatives in the form of a graph of a polyhedron of allocations. Properties of a polyhedron graph of allocations which are used for development of a new method of solutions of the offered task on the graph are described

Agricultural Academy

Abstract KALINOVA St., S. KOSTADINOVA and A. HRISTOSKOV, 2014. Nitrogen use efficiency and maize yield response to nitrogen rate and foliar fertilizing. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., Field experiment was conducted during 2009-2012 to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilization and new foliar products on grain yields and nitrogen use efficiency in maize. Foliar fertilizer Cereal mix (ME) was jointly applied with biostimulant Amalgerol in doses 3 (A3), 4 (A4) and 5 (A5) L/ha. The experimental design consisted of a fully randomized block design in four replications. The studied treatments were

Effect of cluster size of chalcogenide glass nanocolloidal solutions on the surface morphology of spin-coated amorphous films

Amorphous chalcogenide thin film deposition can be achieved by a spin-coating technique from proper solutions of the corresponding glass. Films produced in this way exhibit certain grain texture, which is presumably related to the cluster size in solution. This paper deals with the search of such a correlation between grain size of surface morphology of as-deposited spin-coated As33S67 chalcogenide thin films and cluster size of the glass in butylamine solutions. Optical absorption spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering were employed to study optical properties and cluster size distributions in the solutions at various glass concentrations. Atomic force microscopy is used to study the surface morphology of the surface of as-deposited and thermally stabilized spin-coated films. Dynamic light scattering revealed a concentration dependence of cluster size in solution. Spectral-dependence dynamic light scattering studies showed an interesting athermal photo-aggregation effect in the liquid state.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figure

Complete mitochondrial genomes and nuclear ribosomal RNA operons of two species of Diplostomum (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda): a molecular resource for taxonomy and molecular epidemiology of important fish pathogens

© 2015 Brabec et al. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. The attached file is the published version of the article

Decolorization of hair dye by lignocellulosic waste materials from contaminated waters

Basic yellow 57 (BY57) was chosen as a model hair dye due to its prevalence in cosmetics wastewaters. This study proposes the use of lignocellulosic materials like spent tea leaves of peppermint (PM), chai tea (CT), and chamomile (CM) as raw adsorbents for the removal of BY57 from contaminated solutions. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out at room temperature to achieve the maximum adsorption capacity. Results indicate that the highest removal is achieved at pH 6–8, with a minimum adsorbent mass of 75 mg and in the absence of salinity, crowding agents and heavy metals. Adsorption equilibria were modeled according to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm theories and reported the following trend: PM \u3e CT \u3e CM, reaching qmax values of 105, 80, and 38 mg of dye per gram of adsorbent, respectively. Desorption experiments showed that diluted solution of HCl is able to desorb up to 80% of the dye and recover the adsorbent to be used in consecutive cycles. Finally, the adsorbents were characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), indicating that the adsorbents have a porous and heterogeneous surface, showing pockets and protrusions that are potential adsorption sites for the dye