Władztwo terytorialne gminy. Od idei do mitu

The article is devoted to the essence of the municipality, which is a community formed from the inhabitants of a territorial division unit, which should manifest itself in the exercise of power in that territory. The article focuses on one of the key manifestations of municipal government as the foundation of its independence. The analysis of the laws, together with their judicial and doctrinal interpretation, will answer the question of whether the idea of territorial authority has any basis in truth, or whether it is merely mythical idea.Artykuł poświęcony jest istocie gminy, która jest wspólnotą mieszkańców danej jednostki podziału terytorialnego, co powinno przejawiać się sprawowaniem władzy na tym terytorium. A zarazem poświęcony jednemu z kluczowych przejawów władztwa gminy jako fundamentu jej samodzielności. Analiza przepisów prawa wraz z ich sądową i doktrynalną interpretacją pozwoli odpowiedzieć na pytanie, w jakim stopniu idea władztwa terytorialnego jest prawdą, a w jakim tylko pewnym mitycznym wyobrażeniem o nim

W sprawie rewizji modelu nadzoru ogólnego nad działalnością komunalną

Autor otwiera dyskusję dotyczącą potrzeby zmian modelu nadzoru ogólnego przyjętego w polskim prawie samorządowym celem zapewnienia samorządowi gwarancji respektowania jego samodzielności, bez względu na polityczne aspekty kreowania członków i piastunów organów samorządowych i administracji rządowej sprawującej nadzór nad działalnością

Generative AI in Management – Today and Tomorrow

Theoretical background: The rapid and exponential technological advancements have far-reaching impacts on management information systems, management practices, and human life. The promising outcomes in Artificial Intelligence and cutting-edge research on semantic networks and natural language processing have motivated the authors to envision the future of management technology. Purpose of the article: Our paper focuses on the new communication facilities and artificial intelligence models used to process management-type queries in natural language. Research methods: The article discusses recently developed technologies, proposed by Google and Microsoft, notably Google Bard and Bing integrated with ChatGPT-4. Both chatbots use Generative AI methods and large language models to understand domain-based queries and generate answers. Main findings: The practical and social implications of new models in management practice are discussed. To illustrate the qualities and weaknesses of the features of new technologies, four examples of management decision-making are discussed. The case studies also show differences between these two technologies. Finally, the paper concludes by summarizing the expectations and limitations of Generative AI applications in management. The paper is one of the first publications describing and demonstrating the idea of interfaces in natural language in business-oriented applications

Smart logistics infrastructure in peripheral region

PURPOSE: The main aim of the article is to find out the extent to which enterprises in Central Pomerania, which is an example of a peripheral region, are equipped with smart logistics infrastructure and infrastructure, indicating the conditions for the development of enterprises towards the use of smart logistics solutions.APPROACH/METHODOLOGY/DESIGN: The empirical part is based on a survey conducted on a sample of enterprises (n = 353) located in the region of Central Pomerania. The research model covers the key areas of smart logistics infrastructure used in enterprises. In the analytical part, basic statistical methods were used, based on the CHI-square test of independence, enabling the assessment of the dependence of enterprise infrastructure on the type of business activity.FINDINGS: The obtained results indicate that there is a relationship between the type of business activity and the enterprise's infrastructure and smart solutions. This applies to both Internet of Things (IoT) devices as well as devices for communication and digitization. The industry that has the least developed in its activities Smart Logistics is tourism, gastronomy and entertainment, trade and construction. . Industrial processing and transport stand out positively in this respect.PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Practical implications boil down to identifying which enterprises develop the SL function less and encounter development barriers, which in turn may be helpful in creating a support policy.ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Study is one of the few that provides knowledge on the use of SL in a wide group of enterprises. It provides knowledge about the relationship between the type of enterprise and the development of its logistics functions in the context of the use of smart solutions and technologies.The publication was financed under the program of Ministry of Education and Science in Poland under the name "Dialog" (contract number: 0131/DLG/2019/10) in years 2020-2022.peer-reviewe

A Multi-sample Multi-source Model for Biometric Authentication

In this study, two techniques that can improve the authentication process are examined: (i) multiple samples and (ii) multiple biometric sources. We propose the fusion of multiple samples obtained from multiple biometric sources at the score level. By using the average operator, both the theoretical and empirical results show that integrating as many samples and as many biometric sources as possible can improve the overall reliability of the system. This strategy is called multi-sample multi-source approach. This strategy was tested on a real-life database using neural networks trained in one-versus-all configuration

A Multi-sample Multi-source Model for Biometric Authentication

In this study, two techniques that can improve the authentication process are examined: (i) multiple samples and (ii) multiple biometric sources. We propose the fusion of multiple samples obtained from multiple biometric sources at the score level. By using the average operator, both the theoretical and empirical results show that integrating as many samples and as many biometric sources as possible can improve the overall reliability of the system. This strategy is called multi-sample multi-source approach. This strategy was tested on a real-life database using neural networks trained in one-versus-all configuration

Segmentation par ligne de partage des eaux basée sur des connaissances texturales

La segmentation d'une image a pour but de créer des régions homogènes selon un critère défini en fonction de l'application considérée. Le critère peut être, par exemple, les valeurs des pixels de l'image ou des indices de texture. Une fois la segmentation obtenue, une classification des régions peut être effectuée afin d'associer une sémantique aux objets présents dans l'image. L'hypothèse d'homogénéité entre des pixels d'un même objet doit permettre la construction de régions correspondant aux objets de l'image. Dans le cas d'images complexes comme les images satellites à très haute résolution spatiale, l'homogénéité classique des pixels d'un même objet n'est pas valide, réduisant la qualité des segmentations obtenues. Dans cet article, nous proposons d'intégrer au processus de segmentation par ligne de partage des eaux des connaissances sous forme d'exemples étiquetés par l'utilisateur. Nous introduisons ainsi un critère d'homogénéité de plus haut niveau basé sur des connaissances texturales