Stain Resistance of Maxillofacial Materials

The resistance of three silicone and one polyvinyl chloride maxillofacial materials to staining by tea, lipstick, and disclosing solution was measured by reflectance spectrophotometry. Changes in color caused by staining were larger than changes caused by color instability of the base elastomers or pigments under conditions of accelerated aging.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66676/2/10.1177_00220345790580050401.pd

Outbreak of Aeromonas hydrophila associated with the parasitic infection Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in pond of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings at Sebeta, Ethiopia

Outbreak of a disease was observed on African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings manifested by white nodules all over the body and hemorrhage in the skin that occurred on June 20, 2011 in an earthen pond at Sebeta, Ethiopia. The outbreak was investigated by using a combination of methods that included clinical observations, gross and histopathology examination and bacterial isolation. On histopathological  examination co-infection of Aeromonas hydrophila with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis a holotrichous ciliate, was found to be the cause of the outbreak. In order to control the outbreak, the fish density was reduced and the fish were removed and treated with sodium chloride (3%) and moved to another properly disinfected pond that contains fresh and good quality water. The former pond was drained and left empty for two  weeks to dry and then lime was added over it before filling it with water. The sick fish got cured after three weeks and no new case was observed; which may be due to development of immunity or the intervention measures taken to control the problem. This intervention protocols need to be further investigated in a properly designed experiment as a possible control of co-infection of these two pathogens in catfish  fingerlings.Keywords: Aeromonas hydrophila, Co-infection, Ethiopia, Ichthyophthirius multifilii

Stain Removal from a Pigmented Silicone Maxillofacial Elastomer

The removal of environmental stains from a pigmented maxillofacial elastomer was carried out by solvent extraction under network swelling. Silastic 44210 was pigmented with 11 maxillofacial pigments prior to staining. Samples were stained with lipstick, methylene blue, and disclosing solution. These stains were then removed by solvent extraction with 1,1,1-trichloroethane. Color parameter measurements both before and after staining and after solvent extraction demonstrated the effectiveness of removing these stains by solvent extraction while causing little or no change in the color of the pigmented samples.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68071/2/10.1177_00220345820610081601.pd

Cigarette Staining and Cleaning of a Maxillofacial Silicone

In this study, a maxillofacial silicone elastomer was stained with cigarette smoke. The stain was then removed by solvent extraction using 1,1, 1-trichloroethane. The cigarette smoke produced large color changes in the elastomer as measured from spectrophotometric reflectance curves. The solvent was totally effective in removing the cigarette stain without changing the color of the silicone base.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/67997/2/10.1177_00220345830620072101.pd

Color Stability of Elastomers for Maxillofacial Appliances

The color stability of polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, and silicone polymers for maxillofacial applications was determined after accelerated aging using reflectance spectrophotometry. On the basis of color stability after accelerated aging, and ease of processing, several silicone materials were the most promising.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/67056/2/10.1177_00220345780570090401.pd

Genetic variation modifies risk for neurodegeneration based on biomarker status

Background: While a great deal of work has gone into understanding the relationship between CSF biomarkers, brain atrophy, and disease progression, less work has attempted to investigate how genetic variation modifies these relationships. The goal of this study was two-fold. First, we sought to identify high-risk v. low-risk individuals based on their CSF tau and Aβ load and characterize these individuals with regard to brain atrophy in an AD-relevant region of interest. Next, we sought to identify genetic variants that modified the relationship between biomarker classification and neurodegeneration.Methods: Participants were categorized based on established cut-points for biomarker positivity. Mixed model regression was used to quantify longitudinal change in the left inferior lateral ventricle. Interaction analyses between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and biomarker group status were performed using a genome wide association study (GWAS) approach. Correction for multiple comparisons was performed using the Bonferroni procedure. Results: One intergenic SNP (rs4866650) and one SNP within the SPTLC1 gene (rs7849530) modified the association between amyloid positivity and neurodegeneration. A transcript variant of WDR11-AS1 gene (rs12261764) modified the association between tau positivity and neurodegeneration. These effects were consistent across the two sub-datasets and explained approximately 3% of variance in ventricular dilation. One additional SNP (rs6887649) modified the association between amyloid positivity and baseline ventricular volume, but was not observed consistently across the sub-datasets.Conclusions: Genetic variation modifies the association between AD biomarkers and neurodegeneration. Genes that regulate the molecular response in the brain to oxidative stress may be particularly relevant to neural vulnerability to the damaging effects of amyloid-β

2,2-Bis(2-Formilfenoksi)-4,4,6,6-Bis(Spiro(2',2''-Dioxy-1',1''-Bifenilil))Siklotrifosfazenin Schiff bazı türevlerinin sentezi ve karakterizasyonu

Hekzaklorosiklotrifosfazen (1) ile 2,2'-bifenol argon atmosferinde reaksiyona sokularak 2,2'-dikloro-4,4,6,6-bis(spiro(2',2''-dioksi-1',1''-bifenilil))siklotrifosfazen (2) bileşiği elde edildi. 2 bileşiği 2-hidroksibenzaldehit ile K2CO3’lı ortamda etkileştirilerek 2,2-bis(2-formilfenoksi)-4,4,6,6-bis(spiro(2',2''-dioksi-1',1''-bifenilil))siklotrifosfazen (3) bileşiği elde edildi. Elde edilen 3 bileşiği aromatik primer aminlerle (Ar-NH2 veya Ar-CH2-NH2) etkileştirilerek Schiff Bazı taşıyan siklotrifosfazen bileşikleri (4-11) elde edildi. 2,2-bis(2-formilfenoksi)-4,4,6,6-bis(spiro(2',2''-dioksi-1',1''-bifenilil))siklotrifosfazen (3) bileşiği sırasıyla 4-metoksibenzilamin, 2-klorobenzilamin, 4-klorobenzilamin, R-(+)-1-(2-naftil)etilamin, 2-hidrosifenilamin, 4-hidrosifenilamin, 4-nitrilfenilamin, 2-fenilfenilamin, 2-amino-4-klorofenol ve 2-aminopirimidin-kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen ürünlerin yapıları FT-IR, (1H, 13C, 31P) NMR ve elementel analiz ile aydınlatıldı.In this study, hexachlorocylotriphosphazene (1) was reacted with biphenyl-2,2'-diol. From this reaction, 2,2-dichloro-4,4,6,6-bis(spiro(2',2''-dioxy-1',1''-bifenilyl))cyclotriphosphazene (2) was obtained. Since hexachlorocylotriphosphazene is sensitive to air and moisture, experimental studies were carried out at without air and moisture in argon atmosphere. 2,2-bis(2-formilphenoxy)-4,4,6,6-bis(spiro(2',2''-dioxy-1',1''-bifenilyl))cyclotriphosphazene (3) was synthesized from the reaction of (2) with 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde Schiff Base containing compounds (4-13) were synthesized by the reaction of 2,2-bis(2-formilphenoxy)-4,4,6,6-bis(spiro(2',2''-dioxy-1',1''-bifenilyl))cyclotriphosphazene (3) with 4-methoxy benzylamine, 2-chloro-benzylamine, 4-chlorobenzylamine, 2-naphthylethylamine, 2-hydroxyphenylamine, 4-hydroxyphenylamine, 4-nitrilephenylamine, 2-phenylphenylamine, 2-hydroxy-4-chlorophenylamine and 2-aminopyrimidine respectively. The structures of the compounds were characterized by FT-IR, (1H, 13C and 31P) NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis

A Review of Pharmacologic Treatment for Compulsive Buying Disorder

At present, no treatment recommendations can be made for compulsive buying disorder. Recent studies have found evidence for the efficacy of psychotherapeutic options, but less is known regarding the best pharmacologic treatment. The purpose of this review is to present and analyze the available published evidence on the pharmacological treatment of compulsive buying disorder. To achieve this, we conducted a review of studies focusing on the pharmacological treatment of compulsive buying by searching the PubMed/MEDLINE database. Selection criteria were applied, and 21 studies were identified. Pharmacological classes reported included antidepressants, mood stabilizers, opioid antagonists, second-generation antipsychotics, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists. We found only placebo-controlled trials for fluvoxamine; none showed effectiveness against placebo. Three open-label trials reported clinical improvement with citalopram; one was followed by a double-blind discontinuation. Escitalopram was effective in an open-label trial but did not show efficacy in the double-blind phase. Memantine was identified as effective in a pilot open-label study. Fluoxetine, bupropion, nortriptyline, clomipramine, topiramate and naltrexone were only reported to be effective in clinical cases. According to the available literature, there is no evidence to propose a specific pharmacologic agent for compulsive buying disorder. Future research is required for a better understanding of both pathogenesis and treatment of this disorder.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The Color Accuracy of the Kubelka-Munk Theory for Various Colorants in Maxillofacial Prosthetic Material

The reflectance model developed by Kubelka and Munk was evaluated for agreement in color prediction of thick pigmented samples and for linearity of optical absorption and scattering coefficients with concentration of colorant in maxillofacial elastomer. The colorants tested were generic opacifiers, dry mineral earth pigments, and fibrous colorants. Significant linear relationships were commonly found between the optical coefficients and the concentration of the colorants. These relationships indicated occasional optical interaction between the colorants and the elastomer. Color differences between theoretical and observed colors of the thick samples averaged 2.96, 3.47, and 1.60 for the opacifiers, mineral earth pigments, and fibrous colorants, respectively, when measured using the CIELAB uniform-color space. The agreement between theoretical and observed colors was significantly closer for the fibrous colorants than for the dry mineral earth pigments of the same labeled color.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/67968/2/10.1177_00220345870660090601.pd