6,939 research outputs found
Non-local Matching Condition and Scale-invariant Spectrum in Bouncing Cosmology
In cosmological scenarios such as the pre-big bang scenario or the ekpyrotic
scenario, a matching condition between the metric perturbations in the pre-big
bang phase and those in the post big-bang phase is often assumed. Various
matching conditions have been considered in the literature. Nevertheless
obtaining a scale invariant CMB spectrum via a concrete mechanism remains
impossible. In this paper, we examine this problem from the point of view of
local causality. We begin with introducing the notion of local causality and
explain how it constrains the form of the matching condition. We then prove a
no-go theorem: independent of the details of the matching condition, a scale
invariant spectrum is impossible as long as the local causality condition is
satisfied. In our framework, it is easy to show that a violation of local
causality around the bounce is needed in order to give a scale invariant
spectrum. We study a specific scenario of this possibility by considering a
nonlocal effective theory inspired by noncommutative geometry around the bounce
and show that a scale invariant spectrum is possible. Moreover we demonstrate
that the magnitude of the spectrum is compatible with observations if the
bounce is assumed to occur at an energy scale which is a few orders of
magnitude below the Planckian energy scale.Comment: 15 pages, 2 figures; v3: clarifications added, changes in references,
version to appear in PR
Intra-Project Externality and Layout Variables in Residential Condominium Appraisals
This study examines the impact of intra-project externalities and layout variables on the selling prices of 897 condominium units in the cities of Irvine and Santa Ana in Orange County, California. It documents that, at a micro-level, proximity to intra-project externalities such as greenspace, swimming pools, recreational areas, traffic noise, and the like, and project layout variables representing the location of individual condominium units within multiunit structures, have significant effects on the property values of units within a condominium project. The results indicate that, when cost is not prohibitive, both appraisers and underwriters should take intra-project externalities and layout variables into consideration when estimating property values or underwriting residential mortgages for condominium properties.
The Delta-Hole model at Finite Temperature
The spectral function of pions interacting with a gas of nucleons and
Delta-33-resonances is investigated using the formalism of Thermo Field
Dynamics. After a discussion of the zero Delta-width approximation at finite
temperature, we take into account a constant width of the resonance. Apart from
a full numerical calculation, we give analytical approximations to the pionic
spectral function including such a width. They are found to be different from
previous approximations, and require an increase of the effective Delta-width
in hot compressed nuclear matter. The results are summarized in an effective
dispersion relation for interacting pions.Comment: 34 pages in standard LaTeX GSI-preprint No. GSI-93-2
Coherent quantum transport in the presence of a finite-range transversely polarized time-dependent field
This work investigates the quantum transport in a narrow constriction acted
upon by a finite-range transversely polarized time-dependent electric field. A
generalized scattering-matrix method is developed that has incorporated a
time-dependent mode-matching scheme. The transverse field induces coherent
inelastic scatterings that include both intersubband and intersideband
transitions. These scatterings give rise to the dc conductance a general
suppressed feature that escalates with the chemical potential. In addition,
particular suppressed features -- the dip structures -- are found in . These
features are recognized as the quasi-bound-state (QBS) features that arise from
electrons making intersubband transitions to the vicinity of a subband bottom.
For the case of larger field intensities, the QBS features that involve more
photons are more evident. These QBS features are closely associated with the
singular density of states at the subband bottoms. An experimental setup is
proposed for the observation of these features.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
Pointwise convergence of sequential Schr\"odinger means
We study pointwise convergence of the fractional Schr\"odinger means along
sequences which converge to zero. Our main result is that bounds on the
maximal function can be deduced
from those on when
is contained in the Lorentz space . Consequently, our results
provide seemingly optimal results in higher dimensions, which extend the recent
work of Dimou-Seeger, and Li-Wang-Yan to higher dimensions. Our approach based
on a localization argument also works for other dispersive equations and
provides alternative proofs of previous results on sequential convergence
Locality, Causality and Noncommutative Geometry
We analyse the causality condition in noncommutative field theory and show
that the nonlocality of noncommutative interaction leads to a modification of
the light cone to the light wedge. This effect is generic for noncommutative
geometry. We also check that the usual form of energy condition is violated and
propose that a new form is needed in noncommutative spacetime. On reduction
from light cone to light wedge, it looks like the noncommutative dimensions are
effectively washed out and suggests a reformulation of noncommutative field
theory in terms of lower dimensional degree of freedom. This reduction of
dimensions due to noncommutative geometry could play a key role in explaining
the holographic property of quantum gravity.Comment: 16 pages, LaTeX, 4 figure
Advancing Bayesian Optimization via Learning Correlated Latent Space
Bayesian optimization is a powerful method for optimizing black-box functions
with limited function evaluations. Recent works have shown that optimization in
a latent space through deep generative models such as variational autoencoders
leads to effective and efficient Bayesian optimization for structured or
discrete data. However, as the optimization does not take place in the input
space, it leads to an inherent gap that results in potentially suboptimal
solutions. To alleviate the discrepancy, we propose Correlated latent space
Bayesian Optimization (CoBO), which focuses on learning correlated latent
spaces characterized by a strong correlation between the distances in the
latent space and the distances within the objective function. Specifically, our
method introduces Lipschitz regularization, loss weighting, and trust region
recoordination to minimize the inherent gap around the promising areas. We
demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on several optimization tasks in
discrete data, such as molecule design and arithmetic expression fitting, and
achieve high performance within a small budget
Prevalence of allergic rhinitis and its associated morbidity in adults with asthma: A multicentre study
Objectives To assess the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in adult patients with asthma in Hong Kong, and to compare the morbidity endured by asthma patients with and without allergic rhinitis. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Respiratory clinics of four major public hospitals in Hong Kong. Patients A total of 600 adults with asthma were recruited from March to May 2007. Main outcome measures Doctors and patients completed separate questionnaires evaluating symptoms, treatment, and health care utilisation. Spirometry data were obtained for a subgroup of patients at the time of survey completion. Results The patients consisted of 267 males and 333 females, with 251 having spirometry data. The mean pre-bronchodilator 1-second forced expiratory volume predicted among those who had spirometry performed was 88% (standard deviation, 28%). In all, 50% of the patients had intermittent and 50% had persistent asthma. Over three quarters (463/600; 77%) of patients had experienced allergic rhinitis symptoms in the past 12 months, of whom 96% had a previous diagnosis of allergic rhinitis. Asthmatics without allergic rhinitis symptoms had higher rates of visits to doctors, pharmacy visits, emergency department attendances, and hospitalisations for asthma than those with both conditions. Among subjects with asthma and allergic rhinitis, those taking nasal steroid (226/463; 49%) had lower rates of emergency department visits (13 vs 25%, P=0.002) and hospitalisations (7 vs 13%, P=0.045) for asthma than those who were not. Conclusion Allergic rhinitis is a common co-morbid condition of asthma in this hospital clinic cohort. Treatment of allergic rhinitis with intra-nasal steroid was associated with less health care utilisation for asthma.published_or_final_versio
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