Job Finding, Job Loss and Consumption Behaviour

According to the permanent income / life-cycle hypothesis (PILCH), under standard preferences anticipated changes in employment status should not affect the changes in consumption. In this paper, we investigate the consumption behaviour of individuals who lose their jobs and those who find a job. For a representative sample of American households anticipated changes between employment and unemployment states are identified using monthly transition expectations. Firstly, it is shown that expectations have significant predictive power conditional on individual characteristics and a set of time-varying controls. This allows us to use a two-stage estimation strategy, where expectations are used to explain anticipated changes in employment status in the first stage and changes in consumption are regressed on anticipated changes in employment status in the second stage. Secondly, by estimating a first-order approximation of the Euler equation, it is shown that consumption expenditures are not sensitive to either anticipated transition into unemployment or anticipated transition into employment which is in line with the PILCH

Solution of the Bosonic and Algebraic Hamiltonians by using AIM

We apply the notion of asymptotic iteration method (AIM) to determine eigenvalues of the bosonic Hamiltonians that include a wide class of quantum optical models. We consider solutions of the Hamiltonians, which are even polynomials of the fourth order with the respect to Boson operators. We also demonstrate applicability of the method for obtaining eigenvalues of the simple Lie algebraic structures. Eigenvalues of the multi-boson Hamiltonians have been obtained by transforming in the form of the single boson Hamiltonian in the framework of AIM

A network approach for power grid robustness against cascading failures

Cascading failures are one of the main reasons for blackouts in electrical power grids. Stable power supply requires a robust design of the power grid topology. Currently, the impact of the grid structure on the grid robustness is mainly assessed by purely topological metrics, that fail to capture the fundamental properties of the electrical power grids such as power flow allocation according to Kirchhoff's laws. This paper deploys the effective graph resistance as a metric to relate the topology of a grid to its robustness against cascading failures. Specifically, the effective graph resistance is deployed as a metric for network expansions (by means of transmission line additions) of an existing power grid. Four strategies based on network properties are investigated to optimize the effective graph resistance, accordingly to improve the robustness, of a given power grid at a low computational complexity. Experimental results suggest the existence of Braess's paradox in power grids: bringing an additional line into the system occasionally results in decrease of the grid robustness. This paper further investigates the impact of the topology on the Braess's paradox, and identifies specific sub-structures whose existence results in Braess's paradox. Careful assessment of the design and expansion choices of grid topologies incorporating the insights provided by this paper optimizes the robustness of a power grid, while avoiding the Braess's paradox in the system.Comment: 7 pages, 13 figures conferenc

Explicit Breaking of SO(3) with Higgs Fields in the Representations L =2 and L =3

A gauged SO(3) symmetry is broken into its little groups of the representations L=2 and L=3. Explicit Higgs potentials leading to the spontaneous symmetry breaking are constructed. The masses of the gauge bosons and Higgs particles are calculated in terms of the renormalizable potentials. Emergence of Goldstone bosons arising from the absence of certain potential terms is also discussed. Analogous structures between the cosmic strings and disclinations of liquid crystals are noted

Classroom teachers’ professional development activities within the scope of life long learning in Turkey

Among all the factors affecting education, teachers have more important role in ensuring the effectiveness of the teaching process. Teachers’ professional development is a subject that directly affect the teaching process. Researches on the development of teaching profession indicate that professional training is a necessity for better education and better schools. Because if the teacher learns during performing the teaching profession, the quality of the education offered by the teacher will be higher. Teachers who develop themselves in terms of profession provide both a better education and a positive learning environment for the students. In this context, the aim of this research is to investigate the activities of the classroom teachers participate in Turkey in order to ensure their professional development. The study is prepared depending on the views of the classroom teachers. The data were obtained from the classroom teachers who teach 1, 2, 3, and 4. classes in public and private elementary schools in Ankara, in the 2014-2015 academic year. Questionnaire developed by the researchers was used for collecting the data

A comparative analysis of handling level of lifelong learning competences in social education curricula, Turkey and Ireland sample

Developing and ever-changing information technology brings together many innovations by renewing the human profile societies need in a significant way. “Lifelong Learning Understanding” which is one of the most important of these innovations, makes it necessary to change the basic competences and skills stand in the curricula. Accordingly, the education curricula are expected to provide lifelong learning understanding.  In this study it was aimed to analyze the handling level of the lifelong learning competences in the social education curricula of Turkey and Ireland comparatively. Eight key competences, recommended EU member countries to conduct their educational policies within the context of lifelong learning by the European Union (EU), was used as references in the analysis of the curricula.  It has been tried to determine whether lifelong learning competences are included in the curricula or not and which competences have been mentioned the most and which has been mentioned the least. Data required was collected in accordance with “document analysis” method, which is one of the qualitative research methods, and utilized from “content analysis” technique for the analysis of the collected data. According to the findings of the study it was found that the most frequent competences were mathematical competence and basic competences in science and technology in TSCC.  It was also seen that the competences of communication in the mother tongue, social and civic competences, the learning to learn competence, and mathematical competence and basic competences in science are of leading importance in SPHE.  Absence of the communication in foreign languages competence in TSSC can be said as the most prominent difference between the ISSC and TSSC

A Topological Investigation of Phase Transitions of Cascading Failures in Power Grids

Cascading failures are one of the main reasons for blackouts in electric power transmission grids. The economic cost of such failures is in the order of tens of billion dollars annually. The loading level of power system is a key aspect to determine the amount of the damage caused by cascading failures. Existing studies show that the blackout size exhibits phase transitions as the loading level increases. This paper investigates the impact of the topology of a power grid on phase transitions in its robustness. Three spectral graph metrics are considered: spectral radius, effective graph resistance and algebraic connectivity. Experimental results from a model of cascading failures in power grids on the IEEE power systems demonstrate the applicability of these metrics to design/optimize a power grid topology for an enhanced phase transition behavior of the system