Associations of statin use with motor performance and myalgia may be modified by 25-hydroxyvitamin D: findings from a British birth cohort

The objective was to examine whether: (1) statin use was associated with muscle related outcomes at age 60–64, (2) these associations were modifed by 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status and explained by infammation, body-size or lifestyle in a British birth cohort. Markers of myalgia (intrusive body pain) and myopathy (self-reported and performance-based measures) were examined in 734 men and 822 women (MRC National Survey of Health and Development). Statin use was associated with intrusive body pain, difculty climbing stairs and slower chair rise speed. Some associations were modifed by 25(OH)D e.g. the association with intrusive body pain was evident in the insufcient (13–20ng/l) and defcient(20ng/l (OR=0.8,95% CI 0.5–1.4) (p=0.003 for interaction). Associations were maintained in fully adjusted models of intrusive body pain and difculty climbing stairs, but for chair rise speed they were fully accounted for by infammation, body-size and lifestyle. In a nationally representative British population in early old age, statin use was associated with lower limb muscle-related outcomes, and some were only apparent in those with 25(OH)D status below 20ng/l. Given 25(OH)D is modifable in clinical practice, future studies should consider the links between 25(OH)D status and muscle related outcomes

Use of statins and the risk of dementia and mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate whether the use of statins could be associated with the risk of all-caused dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Major electronic databases were searched until December 27th, 2017 for studies investigating use of statins and incident cognitive decline in adults. Random-effects meta-analyses calculating relative risks (RRs) were conducted to synthesize effect sizes of individual studies. Twenty-five studies met eligibility criteria. Use of statins was significantly associated with a reduced risk of all-caused dementia (k = 16 studies, adjusted RR (aRR) = 0.849, 95% CI = 0.787–0.916, p = 0.000), AD (k = 14, aRR = 0.719, 95% CI = 0.576–0.899, p = 0.004), and MCI (k = 6, aRR = 0.737, 95% CI = 0.556–0.976, p = 0.033), but no meaningful effects on incident VaD (k = 3, aRR = 1.012, 95% CI = 0.620–1.652, p = 0.961). Subgroup analysis suggested that hydrophilic statins were associated with reduced risk of all-caused dementia (aRR = 0.877; CI = 0.818–0.940; p = 0.000) and possibly lower AD risk (aRR = 0.619; CI = 0.383–1.000; p = 0.050). Lipophilic statins were associated with reduced risk of AD (aRR = 0.639; CI = 0.449–0.908; p = 0.013) but not all-caused dementia (aRR = 0.738; CI = 0.475–1.146; p = 0.176). In conclusion, our meta-analysis suggests that the use of statins may reduce the risk of all-type dementia, AD, and MCI, but not of incident VaD