802 research outputs found
Light Higgsino from Axion Dark Radiation
The recent observations imply that there is an extra relativistic degree of
freedom coined dark radiation. We argue that the QCD axion is a plausible
candidate for the dark radiation, not only because of its extremely small mass,
but also because in the supersymmetric extension of the Peccei-Quinn mechanism
the saxion tends to dominate the Universe and decays into axions with a sizable
branching fraction. We show that the Higgsino mixing parameter mu is bounded
from above when the axions produced at the saxion decays constitute the dark
radiation: mu \lesssim 300 GeV for a saxion lighter than 2m_W, and mu less than
the saxion mass otherwise. Interestingly, the Higgsino can be light enough to
be within the reach of LHC and/or ILC even when the other superparticles are
heavy with mass about 1 TeV or higher. We also estimate the abundance of axino
produced by the decays of Higgsino and saxion.Comment: 18 pages, 1 figure; published in JHE
String theoretic QCD axions in the light of PLANCK and BICEP2
The QCD axion solving the strong CP problem may originate from antisymmetric
tensor gauge fields in compactified string theory, with a decay constant around
the GUT scale. Such possibility appears to be ruled out now by the detection of
tensor modes by BICEP2 and the PLANCK constraints on isocurvature density
perturbations. A more interesting and still viable possibility is that the
string theoretic QCD axion is charged under an anomalous U(1)_A gauge symmetry.
In such case, the axion decay constant can be much lower than the GUT scale if
moduli are stabilized near the point of vanishing Fayet-Illiopoulos term, and
U(1)_A-charged matter fields get a vacuum value far below the GUT scale due to
a tachyonic SUSY breaking scalar mass. We examine the symmetry breaking pattern
of such models during the inflationary epoch with the Hubble expansion rate
10^{14} GeV, and identify the range of the QCD axion decay constant, as well as
the corresponding relic axion abundance, consistent with known cosmological
constraints. In addition to the case that the PQ symmetry is restored during
inflation, there are other viable scenarios, including that the PQ symmetry is
broken during inflation at high scales around 10^{16}-10^{17} GeV due to a
large Hubble-induced tachyonic scalar mass from the U(1)_A D-term, while the
present axion scale is in the range 10^{9}-5\times 10^{13} GeV, where the
present value larger than 10^{12} GeV requires a fine-tuning of the axion
misalignment angle. We also discuss the implications of our results for the
size of SUSY breaking soft masses.Comment: 29 pages, 1 figure; v3: analysis updated including the full
anharmonic effects, references added, version accepted for publication in
JHE
Uptake of oxLDL and IL-10 production by macrophages requires PAFR and CD36 recruitment into the same lipid rafts
Macrophage interaction with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) leads to its differentiation into foam cells and cytokine production, contributing to atherosclerosis development. In a previous study, we showed that CD36 and the receptor for platelet-activating factor (PAFR) are required for oxLDL to activate gene transcription for cytokines and CD36. Here, we investigated the localization and physical interaction of CD36 and PAFR in macrophages stimulated with oxLDL. We found that blocking CD36 or PAFR decreases oxLDL uptake and IL-10 production. OxLDL induces IL-10 mRNA expression only in HEK293T expressing both receptors (PAFR and CD36). OxLDL does not induce IL-12 production. The lipid rafts disruption by treatment with ÎČCD reduces the oxLDL uptake and IL-10 production. OxLDL induces co-immunoprecipitation of PAFR and CD36 with the constitutive raft protein flotillin-1, and colocalization with the lipid raft-marker GM1-ganglioside. Finally, we found colocalization of PAFR and CD36 in macrophages from human atherosclerotic plaques. Our results show that oxLDL induces the recruitment of PAFR and CD36 into the same lipid rafts, which is important for oxLDL uptake and IL-10 production. This study provided new insights into how oxLDL interact with macrophages and contributing to atherosclerosis development
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3-mediated CD133 up-regulation contributes to promotion of hepatocellular carcinoma
published_or_final_versio
Heritability estimates of the Big Five personality traits based on common genetic variants
According to twin studies, the Big Five personality traits have substantial heritable components explaining 40â60% of the variance, but identification of associated genetic variants has remained elusive. Consequently, knowledge regarding the molecular genetic architecture of personality and to what extent it is shared across the different personality traits is limited. Using genomic-relatedness-matrix residual maximum likelihood analysis (GREML), we here estimated the heritability of the Big Five personality factors (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness for experience) in a sample of 5011 European adults from 527â469 single-nucleotide polymorphisms across the genome. We tested for the heritability of each personality trait, as well as for the genetic overlap between the personality factors. We found significant and substantial heritability estimates for neuroticism (15%, s.e.=0.08, P=0.04) and openness (21%, s.e.=0.08, P<0.01), but not for extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness. The bivariate analyses showed that the variance explained by common variants entirely overlapped between neuroticism and openness (rG=1.00, P <0.001), despite low phenotypic correlation (r=â0.09, P <0.001), suggesting that the remaining unique heritability may be determined by rare or structural variants. As far as we are aware of, this is the first study estimating the shared and unique heritability of all Big Five personality traits using the GREML approach. Findings should be considered exploratory and suggest that detectable heritability estimates based on common variants is shared between neuroticism and openness to experiences
Flavour physics constraints in the BMSSM
We study the implications of the presence of the two leading-order,
non-renormalizable operators in the Higgs sector of the MSSM to flavour physics
observables. We identify the constraints of flavour physics on the parameters
of the BMSSM when we: a) focus on a region of parameters for which electroweak
baryogenesis is feasible, b) use a CMSSM-like parametrization, and c) consider
the case of a generic NUHM-type model. We find significant differences as
compared to the standard MSSM case.Comment: 22 pages, 7 figure
Fine Tuning in General Gauge Mediation
We study the fine-tuning problem in the context of general gauge mediation.
Numerical analyses toward for relaxing fine-tuning are presented. We analyse
the problem in typical three cases of the messenger scale, that is, GUT
( GeV), intermediate ( GeV), and relatively low energy
( GeV) scales. In each messenger scale, the parameter space reducing the
degree of tuning as around 10% is found. Certain ratios among gluino mass, wino
mass and soft scalar masses are favorable. It is shown that the favorable
region becomes narrow as the messenger scale becomes lower, and tachyonic
initial conditions of stop masses at the messenger scale are favored to relax
the fine-tuning problem for the relatively low energy messenger scale. Our
spectra would also be important from the viewpoint of the problem.Comment: 22 pages, 16 figures, comment adde
Peccei-Quinn extended gauge-mediation model with vector-like matter
We construct a gauge-mediated SUSY breaking model with vector-like matters
combined with the Peccei-Quinn mechanism to solve the strong CP problem. The
Peccei-Quinn symmetry plays an essential role for generating sizable masses for
the vector-like matters and the -term without introducing dangerous CP
angle. The model naturally explains both the 125GeV Higgs mass and the muon
anomalous magnetic moment. The stabilization of the Peccei-Quinn scalar and the
cosmology of the saxion and axino are also discussed.Comment: 33 pages, 5 figures; version to be published (JHEP
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