International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

Effects of supplemental dietary L-carnitine on the growth of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in cage conditions

WOS: 000184705900025The effect of L-carnitine supplement on the growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings was investigated. One group was fed normal commercial grow-out feed (the control group) while the other group was given feed containing 500 mg kg L-carnitine. The addition of carnitine (the second group) had a positive effect on growth (7.9% higher than the control group). According to the final results, the carnitine-supplemented group had greater final weights (151.86 +/- 27.19 g) than those of the control group (141.80 +/- 24.83 g) (P 0.05). At the end of the feeding period of 90 days, 9.67% less feed containing L-carnitine was consumed by fish as compared to the control diet. The carnitine-supplemented diet promoted rapid growth (7.77% more than the control diet). The final total weight of the carnitine-fed group was also greater (10.022 +/- 0.83 kg m(-3)) than that of the control group (8.933 +/- 0.91 kg m(-3)) (P > 0.05)