Nutrição mineral de hortaliças: LII-crescimento do pepino (Cucumis sativus L.) var. Aodai cultivado em condições de campo

A commercial cucumber plantation was set in Piracicaba (SL: 22º43'31'' and LW: 47º38'01" 0) State of São Paulo, Brazil, in a soil classified as "Terra Roxa Estruturada (Alfissol), série Luiz de Queiroz". Plants (4 replications) with 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, and 84 days from emergence were collected and divided into stems, stem leaves, shoot leaves, masculine and feminine flowers, and fruits. The material was dried at 80ºC to determine the dry matter weight. The results were as folows: - the growth rate is continuous, increasing the dry matter produced by the branches, leaves and fruits; at the 84th day from emergence the production of dry matter, in grams, was 63.4 for the stems and reamifications (25-7%); 88.4 for the leaves (41.4%); 61.5 for the fruits (28.8%); the plant total weight was 213.28 g.Plantas de pepino (Cucumis sativus L.) var. Aodai, foram cultivadas no município de Piracicaba, SP (LS: 22° 41'31' e LW: 47º31'01''), em solo Terra Roxa Estruturada, série Luiz de Queiroz, devidamente adubado. O delineamento estatístico foi o inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições, com amostragens das plantas aos 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 e 84 dias após a emergência, sendo subdivididas em caule, folhas do caule, folhas dos ramos, flores masculinas, flores femininas e frutos. As partes da planta foram lavadas e secadas, e atingido o peso constante do material, determinou-se o peso da matéria seca. As seguintes conclusões foram obtidas: a) o crescimento é contínuo, acelerando-se até a maturidade da planta com a incorporação da matéria seca produzida pelos ramos e suas folhas, e pela contribuição dos frutos; b) aos 84 dias da cultura no campo, a quantidade de matéria seca estimada, produzida pela parte aérea, por planta, atingiu: 63,4 g no caule e ramos (25,7%); 88,4 g nas folhas (41,4%); 61,5 g nas flores e frutos (28,8%); sendo o total produzido pela planta de.... 213,28 g

Protective behavioral strategies and future drinking behaviors: Effect of drinking intentions.

Alcohol use is common among United States and Swedish high school students and is related to negative consequences. Whereas drinking intentions are associated with future drinking behaviors, the use of protective behavioral strategies (PBS) is associated with decreased alcohol-related harm among young adults. The interactive effect of PBS and drinking intentions in predicting alcohol outcomes has not been examined. Further, because most PBS studies have been conducted among U.S. college students, PBS research among other populations is needed. The aims of this study were to evaluate longitudinally (a) the relationships between drinking intentions, PBS and alcohol outcomes, and (b) the moderating roles of drinking intentions and country in these relationships among United States and Swedish high school drinkers. Data were collected at baseline, 6- and 12-month follow-ups on 901 Swedish and 288 U.S. high school drinkers. Drinking intentions were associated with more alcohol use and consequences, and use of certain PBS was related to fewer alcohol-related consequences over time. Additionally, the negative prospective relationship between use of PBS and alcohol use, but not alcohol-related consequences, was moderated by intentions, such that the relationship was stronger among participants endorsing high drinking intentions. Country did not moderate these relationships. These results provide initial support for the generalizability of PBS college research to United States and Swedish high school students and suggest that interventions targeting the use of PBS may be most effective among high school drinkers endorsing high drinking intentions. (PsycINFO Database Recor

An International Comparison of a Web-Based Personalized Feedback Intervention for Alcohol use During the Transition out of High School in the United States and Sweden.

Young adult drinkers engage in a range of drinking patterns from abstaining to heavy drinking in both the United States and Sweden. Heavy drinking during young adulthood in both countries is associated with a variety of negative consequences. Personalized feedback interventions have been identified as effective prevention strategies to prevent or reduce heavy drinking in the United States. This study examined transitions in drinking profiles and compared the efficacy of a personalized feedback intervention for 3965 young adults in the United States (1,735) and Sweden (2230) during their transition out of high school. Using goodness-of-fit criteria, results indicated that three drinking profiles exist among young adults transitioning out of high school: very low drinkers/abstainers, moderate to heavy drinkers, and very heavy drinkers. Latent Markov models revealed a moderating effect of country on personalized feedback intervention such that intervention condition participants in the United States were more likely to belong to the light drinker/abstainer or moderate to heavy profile relative to the very heavy drinking profile at 6-month follow-up. There was no significant effect of personalized feedback intervention in Sweden. Future research could investigate the impact of when personalized feedback interventions are administered and could examine if personalized feedback interventions should be more intentionally culturally adapted in order to be more effective

Bacterial Growth at the High Concentrations of Magnesium Sulfate Found in Martian Soils

The martian surface environment exhibits extremes of salinity, temperature, desiccation, and radiation that would make it difficult for terrestrial microbes to survive. Recent evidence suggests that martian soils contain high concentrations of MgSO(4) minerals. Through warming of the soils, meltwater derived from subterranean ice-rich regolith may exist for an extended period of time and thus allow the propagation of terrestrial microbes and create significant bioburden at the near surface of Mars. The current report demonstrates that halotolerant bacteria from the Great Salt Plains (GSP) of Oklahoma are capable of growing at high concentrations of MgSO(4) in the form of 2 M solutions of epsomite. The epsotolerance of isolates in the GSP bacterial collection was determined, with 35% growing at 2 M MgSO(4). There was a complex physiological response to mixtures of MgSO(4) and NaCl coupled with other environmental stressors. Growth also was measured at 1 M concentrations of other magnesium and sulfate salts. The complex responses may be partially explained by the pattern of chaotropicity observed for high-salt solutions as measured by agar gelation temperature. Select isolates could grow at the high salt concentrations and low temperatures found on Mars. Survival during repetitive freeze-thaw or drying-rewetting cycles was used as other measures of potential success on the martian surface. Our results indicate that terrestrial microbes might survive under the high-salt, low-temperature, anaerobic conditions on Mars and present significant potential for forward contamination. Stringent planetary protection requirements are needed for future life-detection missions to Mars. Key Words: Analogue—Mars—Planetary protection—Salts—Life in extreme environments. Astrobiology 12, 98–106