Ultrastructural Study of Varied Calcified Materials in the Pleomorphic Adenoma Occurring in the Soft Palate

A case of pleomorphic adenoma derived from the palatine gland was studied with light microscope, transmission electron microscope and X-ray microprobe analysor. Some irregular basophlic masses were found under the light microscope in the stromal tissue close to tumor cells, which were ultrastructurally composed of needle-shaped crystals and bordered by a lamina limitans-like structure. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopic findings showed that numerous membranous vesicles with appatite deposited in various degrees were scattered between collagen fibers. These vesicles seemed to be matrix vesicles which may be related to a stromal change of pleomorphic adenoma

Construction of a genetic AND gate under a new standard for assembly of genetic parts

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Appropriate regulation of respective gene expressions is a bottleneck for the realization of artificial biological systems inside living cells. The modification of several promoter sequences is required to achieve appropriate regulation of the systems. However, a time-consuming process is required for the insertion of an operator, a binding site of a protein for gene expression, to the gene regulatory region of a plasmid. Thus, a standardized method for integrating operator sequences to the regulatory region of a plasmid is required.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We developed a standardized method for integrating operator sequences to the regulatory region of a plasmid and constructed a synthetic promoter that functions as a genetic AND gate. By standardizing the regulatory region of a plasmid and the operator parts, we established a platform for modular assembly of the operator parts. Moreover, by assembling two different operator parts on the regulatory region, we constructed a regulatory device with an AND gate function.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We implemented a new standard to assemble operator parts for construction of functional genetic logic gates. The logic gates at the molecular scale have important implications for reprogramming cellular behavior.</p