Vilhelm Lundstedt’s ‘Legal Machinery’ and the Demise of Juristic Practice

This article aims to contribute to the academic debate on the general crisis faced by law schools and the legal professions by discussing why juristic practice is a matter of experience rather than knowledge. Through a critical contextualisation of Vilhelm Lundstedt’s thought under processes of globalisation and transnationalism, it is argued that the demise of the jurist’s function is related to law’s scientification as brought about by the metaphysical construction of reality. The suggested roadmap will in turn reveal that the current voiding of juristic practice and its teaching is part of the crisis regarding what makes us human

International thought in the Lula era Pensamento internacional na era Lula

In the last fifty years, Brazil began a rapid process of structural transformation, following the first stage of industrial development in the 1930s. Currently the country integrates the small group of countries which evolved from an initial peripheral and subordinate insertion dating back to the nineteenth century, part of the most dynamic segment of the semiperiphery. But this category, intermediate between the "maturity" and "backwardness", according Modernization theorists, or between the "center" and "periphery", as theorists of the Dependence defend, has undergone a process of overcoming considerable positive progress in the direction of the group of states that dominate the current world system. In this way, during the years 2003-2010, foreign policy, along with the formulation of a new regionalism as a strategy of global integration and a new ideal model of State, has been a key factor<br>Nos últimos 50 anos, o Brasil passou por um processo de rápidas transformações estruturais, seguidas do primeiro estágio de desenvolvimento industrial nos anos 30. Atualmente, o Brasil integra um pequeno número de países que saiu da condição de periferia e subordinação do século XIX para um grupo mais dinâmico de semi-periferia. Porém, essa é uma categoria intermediária entre maturidade e atraso, de acordo com teóricos da modernização; ou uma categoria entre centro e periferia, segundo teóricos da Dependência. Esse é um estágio do processo de superação de progressivas considerações positivas na direção de um grupo de Estados que dominam o sistema mundial atual. Nesse sentido, durante os anos 2003- 2010, a política externa tem se tornado um fator fundamental, junto com sua formulação de um novo regionalismo como estratégia de integração global e um novo modelo de Estad

Latin America’s new regional architecture : a cooperative or segmented regional governance complex?

In Latin America the repercussions of the proliferation and overlapping of regional organizations are discussed widely. This article examines the opposing views on this process. Some authors postulate that an exhaustion of integration in Latin America will end up in segmented regionalism and hemispheric disintegration. Others endorse a variable geometry of integration that facilitates intraregional cooperation and minimizes the risk of veto players and zero-sum politics. The article takes Latin America as a vantage point to analyse the topic of interacting and overlapping regional organizations from a more general perspective. It asks about the conditions under which the proliferation and overlapping of regional organizations might have positive or negative effects (on regional integration and cooperation). Additionally, it advocates broadening the analytical focus and replacing the analytical concepts of regional integration and cooperation with the analytical concept of regional governance. Regional governance more adequately captures and integrates different patterns of regional cooperation and different regional projects that result in overlapping regional organizations. Instead of looking at the proliferation of regional organizations from a perspective of fragmentation, this article contends that the focus should be redirected to analysing how different regional organizations interact. Regional interaction patterns can vary between synergistic, cooperative, conflictive, or segmented regional governance (complexes). In an initial application of this analytical scheme, the article summarizes the changing regional cooperation patterns in South America since 1990. In the conclusions it outlines some preliminary ideas for a future research agenda on regional governance (complexes)

A política externa de Lula da Silva: a estratégia da autonomia pela diversificação Lula da Silva's foreign policy: the autonomy through diversification strategy

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as mudanças trazidas pela política externa do primeiro governo Lula da Silva (2003-2006). Para discutir o tema, utilizaremos o trabalho de Hermann (1990) sobre as motivações das mudanças na política externa dos Estados, integrando-o com insights construtivistas, que são úteis para examinar o papel das idéias na formulação da política externa brasileira depois de 2003. Para complementar nossa análise, utilizaremos três noções - "autonomia pela distância", "autonomia pela participação" e "autonomia pela diversificação" - que explicam as principais transformações pelas quais passou a política externa brasileira da década de 1980 até meados da primeira década deste século. Concluiremos demonstrando como a idéia de "autonomia pela diversificação" se aplica melhor ao período analisado, considerando que os dois primeiros níveis de Hermann, ajustes e mudanças de programa aconteceram de fato. Sugerimos que o terceiro nível, mudanças de problemas/metas, poderá efetivar-se com a consolidação e ampliação dos dois primeiros níveis.<br>The objective of this article is to analyze the changes brought about by the foreign policy of Lula da Silva's first government (2003-2006). To discuss the topic, we will make use of Hermann's (1990) article on foreign policy change and the motivation behind it, integrating it with constructivist insights useful to examine the roles of the ideas in the formulation of the Brazilian foreign policy after 2003. To compliment our analysis, we will make use of three notions: autonomy through distance, autonomy through participation, and autonomy through diversification. These notions explain the main changes occurring in Brazilian foreign policy from 1980 through to the mid-2000s. We will conclude by demonstrating how the autonomy through diversification best applies to the aforementioned period, acknowledging that the first two levels of Hermann's theory, adjustment change and program change, did in fact happen. We suggest that the third level, problem/goal changes, can come into effect with the consolidation and amplification of the first two levels