Symbiotic modeling: Linguistic Anthropology and the promise of chiasmus

Reflexive observations and observations of reflexivity: such agendas are by now standard practice in anthropology. Dynamic feedback loops between self and other, cause and effect, represented and representamen may no longer seem surprising; but, in spite of our enhanced awareness, little deliberate attention is devoted to modeling or grounding such phenomena. Attending to both linguistic and extra-linguistic modalities of chiasmus (the X figure), a group of anthropologists has recently embraced this challenge. Applied to contemporary problems in linguistic anthropology, chiasmus functions to highlight and enhance relationships of interdependence or symbiosis between contraries, including anthropology’s four fields, the nature of human being and facets of being human

Acupuncture heroin detoxification: A single-blind clinical trial

Abstract -The increasing prevalence of HIV infection among injection drug users mandate

ZMYND10 Is Mutated in Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia and Interacts with LRRC6

Defects of motile cilia cause primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), characterized by recurrent respiratory infections and male infertility. Using whole-exome resequencing and high-throughput mutation analysis, we identified recessive biallelic mutations in ZMYND10 in 14 families and mutations in the recently identified LRRC6 in 13 families. We show that ZMYND10 and LRRC6 interact and that certain ZMYND10 and LRRC6 mutations abrogate the interaction between the LRRC6 CS domain and the ZMYND10 C-terminal domain. Additionally, ZMYND10 and LRRC6 colocalize with the centriole markers SAS6 and PCM1. Mutations in ZMYND10 result in the absence of the axonemal protein components DNAH5 and DNALI1 from respiratory cilia. Animal models support the association between ZMYND10 and human PCD, given that zmynd10 knockdown in zebrafish caused ciliary paralysis leading to cystic kidneys and otolith defects and that knockdown in Xenopus interfered with ciliogenesis. Our findings suggest that a cytoplasmic protein complex containing ZMYND10 and LRRC6 is necessary for motile ciliary function

Graft function and outcome of older (≥60 years) donor livers

Livers from donors ≥60 years of age are often considered inadequate for transplantation by many centers. With waiting times exceeding 1 year in our region, we have aggressively used livers from this donor age group. Between 1990 and 1994, 209 patients received 223 liver grafts at our institution. Of these, 29 (13%) were from donors ≥60 years of age (group A) and 194 (87%) were from donors \u3c60 years of age (group B). The two groups were matched for recipient diagnosis and severity of disease. Group A and B donors had similar liver, renal, and hematologic studies prior to donation. Weight, sex, race, and vasopressor requirement were also similar. Postoperative alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and prothrombin time were not significantly different over the first 10 postoperative days. Group A grafts were significantly more cholestatic than group B grafts on postoperative days 6-10. The retransplantation rate for primary graft nonfunction was not significantly different between group A (6.7%) and group B (3.4%; P=0.40). Patient and graft survival rates at 1 year were 58.6% and 44.8% for group A and 79.2% and 74.5% for group B (P\u3c0.001 for both). Four of 12 deaths in the first year in group A were completely unrelated to graft function. If these are excluded, patient and graft survival rates were 68% and 52%, which are better but still significantly less than in group B. Initial graft function of older donor livers was similar to that of the matched younger group. However, patient and graft survival rates were significantly worse for the older donors, even when corrected for unrelated deaths. Livers should not be discarded based on age alone without inspection and/or biopsy to rule out significant steatosis. Prompt retransplantation for primary graft nonfunction of older donors will optimize recipient survival. Grafts from older donors are generally more cholestatic than those from the younger donor age group; however, many of them function quite well. At the present time, given the inability to identify donor variables associated with decreased recipient survival, we recommend cautious use of older liver grafts in healthier recipients

Defining a Liver Transplant Benefit Threshold for the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium Score

The benefits of transplant are shown as the difference in survival posttransplant versus that shown if the patient had remained on the wait list. Serum sodium was added to improve prediction. We sought to revisit the question of which Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium score threshold corresponded to a predicted benefit of liver transplant

Early mortality after liver transplantation: Defining the course and the cause

Background: The objective of the current study was to define the incidence, as well as time course of mortality within the first year after liver transplantation. Methods: Data on adult, first-time liver transplant recipients transplanted between February 2002 and June 2016 were obtained from the United Network for Organ Sharing. Results: Among 64,977 who underwent liver transplantation, the incidence of 90-day and 1-year mortality was 5% and 10%, respectively. Although death associated with cardiovascular/cerebrovascular/pulmonary/hemorrhage was the most cause of death within the first 21 days (7-day: 53%), only 20% of liver transplantation patients died from these causes after 180 days. Infections were the most frequent cause of death during 30\u2013180 days after liver transplantation. In contrast, after roughly 200 days from the time of liver transplantation, other causes of death were the most frequent cause of death. Although patients with autoimmune hepatitis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and alcoholic cirrhosis had a similar risk of 1-year mortality, patients undergoing liver transplantation for viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma had an increased risk of 1-year mortality (viral: OR 1.56; hepatocellular carcinoma: OR 1.57; P <.001). Conclusion: Roughly, 1 in 10 patients died within the first year after liver transplantation. The cause of death had a notable, time-specific variation over the first year after liver transplantation