Human placental lipid peroxidation. Some characteristics of the NADPH-supported microsomal reaction

1. The evidence presented in this paper indicates the existence of NADPH-supported lipid peroxidation in human placental microsomes. Thiobarbituric acid assay was used to estimate quantitatively lipid peroxidation.2. Several biochemical characteristics of the reaction were examined. Maximal lipid peroxidation occurred at pH 7.4 and at a protein concentration of approx. 0.2 mg microsomal protein/ml. The presence of NADPH and chelated iron was required. The reaction was linear up to 5 min and did not exhibit an initial lag phase.3. Under optimal assay conditions, the rate of lipid perioxidation ranged from 2 to 6 nmol malondialdehyde formed/min/mg protein in different preparations of placental microsomes.4. Inconclusive results were obtained when assays were performed in the presence of scavengers of reactive oxygen species.5. Marked inhibition in the malondialdehyde accumulation was observed when phosphate buffer was added to the incubation media.6. This inhibitory effect appeared to be due to the removal of chelated iron from the system and not due to interference with the electron transport mechanism.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/26967/1/0000534.pd

Ethanol potentiation of carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity: Possible role for the in vivo inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase

1. 1. A potentiation of CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity was observed in rats pretreated with ethanol 18 hr prior to CCl4 exposure.2. 2. Hepatic microsomal aldehyde dehydrogenase (pLDH) was significantly inhibited in animals sacrificed 1 hr following the sequential exposure, however, no more so than in those animals receiving CCl4 alone.3. 3. The animals receiving ethanol alone had ALDH activity similar to vehicle treated controls.4. 4. Twenty-four hours following a potentiating dose of ethanol and CCl4 an 81 and 57% decline in NAD+-dependent microsomal and mitochondrial ALDH activity was observed, respectively.5. 5. Similar results were observed for microsomal and mitochondrial NADP+-dependent ALDH activity.6. 6. The decline in membrane-bound ALDH was greater in potentiated animals than in those receiving CCl4 alone.7. 7. A relatively smaller decline in cytosolic ALDH activity was observed in CCl4 treated rats with or without ethanol pre-exposure.8. 8. The data suggest that inhibition of membrane bound ALDH may be one of the major mechanisms of in vivo potentiation of CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity by ethanol.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/25892/1/0000455.pd

AlliumMap-A comparative genomics resource for cultivated Allium vegetables

Background: Vegetables of the genus Allium are widely consumed but remain poorly understood genetically. Genetic mapping has been conducted in intraspecific crosses of onion (Allium cepa L.), A. fistulosum and interspecific crosses between A. roylei and these two species, but it has not been possible to access genetic maps and underlying data from these studies easily. Description: An online comparative genomics database, AlliumMap, has been developed based on the GMOD CMap tool at http://alliumgenetics.org. It has been populated with curated data linking genetic maps with underlying markers and sequence data from multiple studies. It includes data from multiple onion mapping populations as well as the most closely related species A. roylei and A. fistulosum. Further onion EST-derived markers were evaluated in the A. cepa x A. roylei interspecific population, enabling merging of the AFLP-based maps. In addition, data concerning markers assigned in multiple studies to the Allium physical map using A. cepa-A. fistulosum alien monosomic addition lines have been compiled. The compiled data reveal extensive synteny between onion and A. fistulosum. Conclusions: The database provides the first online resource providing genetic map and marker data from multiple Allium species and populations. The additional markers placed on the interspecific Allium map confirm the value of A. roylei as a valuable bridge between the genetics of onion and A. fistulosum and as a means to conduct efficient mapping of expressed sequence markers in Allium. The data presented suggest that comparative approaches will be valuable for genetic and genomic studies of onion and A. fistulosum. This online resource will provide a valuable means to integrate genetic and sequence-based explorations of Allium genomes

Do maize crop models catch the impact of future [CO2] on maize yield and water use?

Do maize crop models catch the impact of future [CO2] on maize yield and water use?. iCROPM2016 International Crop Modelling Symposiu

Inhibition of hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase by carbon tetrachloride: An in vitro study

1. 1. In vitro inhibition of rat liver mitochondrial and microsomal aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) under conditions of active CCl4 metabolism was investigated.2. 2. Incubation of microsomes or mitochondria in the presence of NADPH alone caused significant, time-dependent inhibition of mitochondrial and microsomal ALDH. EDTA partially protected ALDH from inhibition.3. 3. Incubation of microsomes or microsomes plus mitochondria in the presence of NADPH and CCl4 resulted in marked inhibition of microsomal and mitochondrial ALDH activity. The inhibition was both dose- and time-dependent and was relatively less in the presence of EDTA.4. 4. It is proposed that the inhibition of membrane-bound ALDH may be one of the early events responsible for the genesis of CCl4-hepatotoxicity.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/25916/1/0000479.pd

AlliumMap-A comparative genomics resource for cultivated Allium vegetables

Background: Vegetables of the genus Allium are widely consumed but remain poorly understood genetically. Genetic mapping has been conducted in intraspecific crosses of onion (Allium cepa L.), A. fistulosum and interspecific crosses between A. roylei and these two species, but it has not been possible to access genetic maps and underlying data from these studies easily. Description: An online comparative genomics database, AlliumMap, has been developed based on the GMOD CMap tool at http://alliumgenetics.org. It has been populated with curated data linking genetic maps with underlying markers and sequence data from multiple studies. It includes data from multiple onion mapping populations as well as the most closely related species A. roylei and A. fistulosum. Further onion EST-derived markers were evaluated in the A. cepa x A. roylei interspecific population, enabling merging of the AFLP-based maps. In addition, data concerning markers assigned in multiple studies to the Allium physical map using A. cepa-A. fistulosum alien monosomic addition lines have been compiled. The compiled data reveal extensive synteny between onion and A. fistulosum. Conclusions: The database provides the first online resource providing genetic map and marker data from multiple Allium species and populations. The additional markers placed on the interspecific Allium map confirm the value of A. roylei as a valuable bridge between the genetics of onion and A. fistulosum and as a means to conduct efficient mapping of expressed sequence markers in Allium. The data presented suggest that comparative approaches will be valuable for genetic and genomic studies of onion and A. fistulosum. This online resource will provide a valuable means to integrate genetic and sequence-based explorations of Allium genomes