160 research outputs found
A Solution to the Coincidence Puzzle of \Omega_{B} and \Omega_{DM}
We show that a class of Affleck--Dine baryogenesis directly relates the
observed mass density of baryons, \Omega_{B}, to that of dark matter,
\Omega_{DM}. In this scenario, the ratio of baryon to dark matter mass density
is solely determined by the low energy parameters, except for an O(0.1)
effective CP-violating phase. We find that \Omega_{B}/\Omega_{DM}=O(0.1) with
reasonable parameters, which lies surprisingly just in the range of
observation. This scenario is totally free from the cosmological gravitino
problem, and independent of the detailed history of the Universe as long as it
satisfies quite weak constraints.Comment: 14 pages, LaTeX, 1 figur
セッション 21セイキ ノ ニッチュウ カンケイ ニ ツイテ
日中台共同研究「現代中国と東アジアの新環境」 ②21世紀の日中関係 : 青年研究者の思索と対
1-Year Results of the ZEPHYR Registry (Zilver PTX for the Femoral Artery and Proximal Popliteal Artery) Predictors of Restenosis
AbstractObjectivesThis study sought to assess the rate and predictors of 1-year restenosis after drug-eluting stent implantation for femoropopliteal (FP) lesions in patients with peripheral arterial disease.BackgroundZilver PTX, a paclitaxel-eluting stent for FP lesions, provides superior outcomes to angioplasty and bare-metal stents in clinical trials. However, its real-world outcomes and the associated features remain unclear.MethodsThis was a prospective multicenter study enrolling 831 FP lesions (797 limbs, 690 patients) treated by Zilver PTX implantation. The primary endpoint was 1-year restenosis. Secondary endpoints included major adverse limb event and stent thrombosis.ResultsMean lesion length was 17 ± 10 cm. One-year restenosis, major adverse limb event, and stent thrombosis rates were 37%, 22%, and 2%, respectively. The generalized linear mixed model showed that lesion length ≥16 cm assessed by angiography and distal external elastic membrane area ≤27 mm2 and minimum stent area ≤12 mm2 assessed by intravascular ultrasound were independent risk factors for restenosis. One-year restenosis rates were 15% in cases with none of these risk factors and 50% in those with ≥2 risk factors.ConclusionsThe current study demonstrated 1-year real-world outcomes after drug-eluting stent treatment for FP lesions, including challenging ones in clinical practice. Lesion length, external elastic membrane area, and minimum stent area were independent predictors for restenosis. (Zilver PTX for the Femoral Artery and Proximal Popliteal Artery—Prospective Multicenter Registry [ZEPHYR]; UMIN000008433
Study of Thin Iron Films for Polarization Analysis of Ultracold Neutrons
The TUCAN (TRIUMF Ultra-Cold Advanced Neutron) collaboration aims to search
for the neutron electric dipole moment (nEDM) with unprecedented precision. One
of the essential elements for the nEDM measurement is a polarization analyzer
of ultracold neutrons (UCNs), whose main component is a magnetized thin iron
film. Several thin iron films were deposited on aluminum and silicon ubstrates
and were characterized by vibrating sample magnetometry and cold-neutron
reflectometry. A magnetic field required to saturate the iron film is 12
kA/m for those on the aluminum substrates and 6.4 kA/m for the silicon
substrates. The magnetic potential of the iron films on the Si substrate was
estimated to be 2 T by the neutron reflectometry, which is sufficient
performance for an UCN polarization analyzer of the nEDM measurement.Comment: Proceedings of the 24th International Spin Symposium (SPIN 2021),
18-22 October 2021, Matsue, Japa
Displacement-noise-free interferometeric gravitational-wave detector using unidirectional neutrons with four speeds
For further gravitational wave (GW) detections, it is significant to invent a
technique to reduce all kinds of mirror displacement noise dominant at low
frequencies for ground-based detectors. The neutron displacement-noise-free
interferometer (DFI) is one of the tools to reduce all the mirror displacement
noise at lower frequencies. In this paper, we describe a further simplified
configuration of a neutron DFI in terms of neutron incidence direction. In the
new configuration, neutrons enter the interferometer with unidirectional
incidence at four speeds as opposed to two bidirectional incidences of opposite
directions at two speeds as reported previously. This simplification of the
neutron DFI is significant for proof-of-principle experiments
Optical Identification of the Hardest X-ray Source in the ASCA Large Sky Survey
We report the optical identification of the hardest X-ray source (AX
J131501+3141) detected in an unbiased wide-area survey in the 0.5--10 keV band,
the ASCA Large Sky Survey. The X-ray spectrum of the source is very hard and is
well reproduced by a power-law component (Gamma = 1.5^+0.7_-0.6) with N_H =
6^+4_-2 *10^22 cm^-2 (Sakano et al. 1998). We have found a galaxy with R=15.62
mag near the center of the error circle for the X-ray source. The optical
spectrum of the galaxy shows only narrow emission lines whose ratios correspond
to those of a type 2 Seyfert galaxy at z = 0.072, implying an
absorption-corrected X-ray luminosity of 2*10^43 erg sec^-1 (2--10 keV) and M_B
= -20.93 mag. A radio point source is also associated with the center of the
galaxy. We thus identify the X-ray source with this galaxy as an obscured AGN.
The hidden nature of the nucleus of the galaxy in the optical band is
consistent with the X-ray spectrum. These results support the idea that the
obscured AGNs/QSOs contribute significantly to the cosmic X-ray background in
the hard band at the faint flux level.Comment: 20 pages with 5 postscript figures, uses aaspp4.sty, Ap.J. Accepte
Reheating-temperature independence of cosmological baryon asymmetry in Affleck-Dine leptogenesis
In this paper we point out that the cosmological baryon asymmetry in our
universe is generated almost independently of the reheating temperature
in Affleck-Dine leptogenesis and it is determined mainly by the mass of the
lightest neutrino, , in a wide range of the reheating temperature
-- GeV. The present baryon asymmetry predicts the
in a narrow region, -- eV.
Such a small mass of the lightest neutrino leads to a high predictability on
the mass parameter contributing to the neutrinoless double
beta decay. We also propose an explicit model in which such an ultralight
neutrino can be naturally obtained.Comment: 22 pages, LaTeX, 9 eps figure
Optical Identification of the ASCA Large Sky Survey
We present results of optical identification of the X-ray sources detected in
the ASCA Large Sky Survey. Optical spectroscopic observations were done for 34
X-ray sources which were detected with the SIS in the 2-7 keV band above 3.5
sigma. The sources are identified with 30 AGNs, 2 clusters of galaxies, and 1
galactic star. Only 1 source is still unidentified. The flux limit of the
sample corresponds to 1 x 10^{-13} erg s^{-1} cm^{-2} in the 2-10 keV band.
Based on the sample, the paper discusses optical and X-ray spectral
properties of the AGNs, contribution of the sources to the Cosmic X-ray
Background, and redshift and luminosity distributions of the AGNs. An
interesting result is that the redshift distribution of the AGNs suggests a
deficiency of high-redshift (0.5 10^{44}
erg s^{-1}) absorbed narrow-line AGNs (so called type 2 QSOs).Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 57 pages with 13 figures, 9 JPG
plates, 5 additional PS tables. Original EPS plates (gzipped format
~1Mbyte/plate) and TeX tables are available from
ftp://ftp.kusastro.kyoto-u.ac.jp/pub/akiyama/0001289
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