ブシュウ ヤマノネスジ ニオケル カンブン ケンチ ノ キソテキ ケンキュウ

論文(Article

明治中～後期山村の生業と地域ネットワーク : 旧秋田藩領荒瀬村肝煎・湊家文書の解題と翻刻

The objective of this paper is to publicize the republication of the Minatoke Monjo archives and, based on analysis of these archives, to elucidate the historical development of livelihoods in mountain villages in the midto late-Meiji Era. In the Arase village (upper reaches of the Ani river in Akita Prefecture), which is the field site for this study, there are a number of influential families known as oyakata ("bosses"). In addition to one oyakata family, the Minato family, that lives in the central area of the village known as arase-honson, there are oyakata who live scattered in hamlets surround the village (called shigo-buraku). In this study, we analyzed the role played by oyakata with respect to the local livelihoods from the late 1880s to the late 1890s. The following main points were yielded by the study: First, during this period, although a small number of oyakata were engaged in the production of forest products, the scale of this production was decreasing. Some oyakata started coal mines and business supplying the coal to mines. Second, in the late 1880s to late 1890s, the oyakata established full-scale mining operations of their own. These oyakata formed long-distance relationships with influential individuals in distant villages in intermediate and downstream reaches of the Ani River and created opportunities to earn money in the village. Third, in the early 1900s, the oyakata in Arase village formed cooperative networks, and in line with national government policy, began engaging in new livelihood activities such as sake brewing and horse breeding. They promoted the development of horse breeding operations by, for example, establishing a system for collective ownership of horses imported from abroad. In this manner, oyakata families brought about changes in local livelihoods and played an important role by facilitating the smooth introduction of new livelihoods. They developed both far-reaching networks and territorial relationships.本論文は、2015～2018年度科学研究費補助金（基盤研究（B））「東北型社会の特質に関する史的研究：地域資源の開発・管理・利用との関係を重視して」（課題番号15H04560、研究代表者加藤衛拡）、2017～2018年度科学研究費補助金（基盤研究（B））「パレオフォレストリーに基づく日本海地域のスギの成立および変遷要因の解明」（課題番号17H03838、研究代表者志知幸治）による成果の一部である

ガクセイ アンケート チョウサ ニヨル コウギ ヒョウカ ト ソノ モンダイテン

近年,医学教育改革が目まぐるしく行われている.その中で,学生による講義評価が行われはじめているが,まだその報告は少ない.獨協医科大学では学年委員会が主体となって,講義・実習に対するアンケート調査を第1学年から第4学年まで行った.その結果,講義に対して「十分に満足している」という学生は,どの学年においても多くはなかった.さらに,「わかりやすい講義」をしている教員の共通点は,板書・プリント・シラパスを活用しているという点であった.実習に関しては,「基礎医学」に関わる実習に対しての評価が高かった.今後の医学教育において,学生の意見の反映がよりよい講義につながるものと考えられる.Extensive innovations in medical education have been carried out in recent years in our country. Although student evaluations of lectures have been conducted, there have been few reports on this issue. Thus, our committee consisting of representatives of every grade played a leading role in making and evaluating a questionnaire investigation of the lectures and the experiments. The investigation covered students from freshmen to seniors. We found that there were few students in each grade who were satisfied with the lectures. Students gave high marks to lecturers who wrote in detail on the blackboard, distributed well-organized documents, and made practical use of the syllabus. Experiments concerning the preclinical course were also well accepted. We consider that this sort of investigation will be influential in improving the quality of lectures