Trans & Poverty: Poverty and Economic Insecurity in Trans Communities in the EU

Economic marginalisation severely affects trans communities all across the European Union (EU). Over the past two years, the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated and thus shed light on much of the structural inequalities that are causes of this marginalisation. With this report, TGEU would like to build on the momentum of a growing body of research on the economic deprivation of trans people and a matching increase in measures and tools, including from the part of the European Commission, to address it

Stuck on the swing: experiences of trans parents with freedom of movement in the EU

The right to move and reside freely is the cornerstone of European Union citizenship, established by EU law and the Free Movement Directive (2004/38/ EC).2 In its 2009 guidelines on the transposition and application of the Directive, the European Commission affirmed that this right.TGEU welcomes these commitments. This report seeks to support the Commission in its undertakings by sharing evidence on the specific barriers of trans parents and their families in cross-border situations. For the purposes of this report, TGEU conducted semi-structured interviews with 18 trans parents and two organisations in February and March 2021. In accordance with the scope of this report, we are including the testimonies of 16 trans parents.TGEU has found that the experiences of trans parents in the area of free movement are very much influenced by the national laws of Member States, including on legal gender recognition, access to reproductive health and rights, and partnership and parenthood recognition

Jumping ropes: Experiences of trans parents in Europe & Central Asia

This report intends to shed light on the difficult situations trans parents find themselves in, which often go unnoticed. By sharing their stories TGEU wants to enhance the voices of real trans people. Misinformation about trans people is increasingly spread and impacts vulnerable groups in particular, such as trans people caring for children.This report is also aimed at supporting the European Commission, the Council of Europe, and governments in Europe and Central Asia in their understanding of trans parenthood and the hurdles trans parents (to be) face across the two regions. TGEU believes that the testimonies shared in this report can also contribute to the work of the Commission and EU Member States, in their efforts to implement the EU LGBTIQ Equality Strategy, including for instance in the area of legal gender recognition (LGR). They can also be helpful for other states that are in the process of LGR, reproductive rights, or family law reform.This report complements TGEU's first report on trans parenthood, Stuck on the Swing, by discussing a variety of obstacles faced by trans parents in their daily lives that go beyond issues relating to freedom of movement

"Heimatliebe statt Marokkaner-Diebe"

Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, die Wirkung konservativer politischer Werbung auf die explizite und implizite Stereotypisierung von Menschen mit ausländischer Herkunft, mit dem Schwerpunkt auf Marokkaner/innen, zu analysieren. Zu diesem Zweck wurde, stellvertretend für ähnliche Plakatkampagnen aus dem deutschsprachigen Raum, ein im Frühjahr 2012 affichiertes Plakat der Tiroler FPÖ herangezogen. Dieses Plakat titelte den Spruch „Heimatliebe statt Marokkaner-Diebe“. Empirische Erkenntnisse aus der Stereotypen- und Medienwirkungsforschung sowie das APE-Modell nach Gawronski und Bodenhausen (2006) lieferten die theoretische Erklärungsgrundlage zur Herleitung der Hypothesen. Die Unterscheidung in implizite und explizite Stereotypisierung ermöglichte die Analyse unterschiedlicher mentaler Verarbeitungsprozesse. Um den Kausalzusammenhang zwischen dem Plakat und der der Stereotypisierung nachzuweisen, wurde ein experimentelles Design gewählt. Zu Beginn wurde den Proband/innen in einer Primingphase das Plakat mehrfach präsentiert. Unmittelbar danach wurde die implizite Stereotypisierung in einem Implicit Association Test erhoben. Die anschließende schriftliche Befragung diente der Erfassung der expliziten Stereotypisierung. Dafür waren von den Proband/innen Schätzungen zu den tatverdächtigen Ausländer/innen und Marokkaner/innen in Österreich anzugeben. Die Ergebnisse der Auswertung konnten aufzeigen, dass der Großteil der Proband/innen sowohl auf der expliziten wie auch auf der impliziten Ebene Stereotype anwendete. Die Detailergebnisse liefern somit interessante Einblicke in bestehende Stereotype der österreichischen Bevölkerung. Allerdings konnte kein Bezug zum FPÖ-Plakat hergestellt werden. Dies führt zu dem Schluss, dass das untersuchte Plakat keinen unmittelbaren Effekt auf die Stereotypisierung hat. Mögliche langfristige Wirkungen politischer Plakate bleiben in der Untersuchung somit unbeantwortet.The main goal of the current study was to explore the explicit and implicit stereotyping effects towards foreigners and towards Moroccans caused by political billboards from conservative political parties. For this purpose a billboard published from the FPÖ in spring 2012 was chosen which stands for similar political campaigns in German speaking countries. On the billboard the rime “Heimatliebe statt Marokkaner-Diebe” was written, which means „Love of one’s country instead of Moroccan thieves”. Empirical findings from research on media effects and on stereotypes as well as the APE-Model from Gawronski und Bodenhausen (2006) provided the theoretical framework for the derivation of the hypotheses. The differentiation between implicit and explicit stereotypes permitted the analysis of two different mental processes. To prove the causality of the billboard between the stereotyping effects, an experimental design was chosen. At the beginning the subjects were exposed to a priming process, in which they saw the billboard several times. Immediately after the priming phase the subjects took part at an Implicit Association Test to assess the implicit stereotyping effect. The subsequent written questionnaire covered the explicit stereotyping effect. For this purpose the subjects had to estimate the percentage of foreign and Moroccan suspects in Austria. The outcome of the data analysis identified among the majority of subjects explicit as well as implicit stereotyping effects. The details of the analysis provide interesting insights to existing stereotypes among the Austrian population, but no correlations to the billboard were found. This result leads to the conclusion, that the reviewed billboard has no effect on explicit nor on implicit stereotyping processes. Possible long-term effects of political campaigns couldn’t be answered with the results of the current study

Egyiptomi és szentföldi naplóm, vagyis Az 1876-iki osztrák-magyar zarándok-társaság élményei Keleten

írta Czobor Gyul

Effect of various dopant elements on primary graphite growth

Five spheroidal graphite cast irons were investigated, a usual ferritic grade and four pearlitic alloys containing Cu and doped with Sb, Sn and Ti. These alloys were remelted in a graphite crucible, leading to volatilization of the magnesium added for spheroidization and to carbon saturation of the liquid. The alloys were then cooled down and maintained at a temperature above the eutectic temperature. During this step, primary graphite could develop showing various features depending on the doping elements added. The largest effects were that of Ti which greatly reduces graphite nucleation and growth, and that of Sb which leads to rounded agglomerates instead of lamellar graphite. The samples have been investigated with secondary ion mass spectrometry to enlighten distribution of elements in primary graphite. SIMS analysis showed almost even distribution of elements, including Mg and Al (from the inoculant) in the ferritic grade, while uneven distribution was evident in all doped alloys. Investigations are going on to clarify if the uneven distribution is associated with structural defects in the graphite precipitates

Refining Kidney Survival in 383 Genetically Characterized Patients With Nephronophthisis

Kidney survival; Nephronophthisis; Prognostic factorsSupervivencia renal; Nefronoptisis; Factores pronósticosSupervivència renal; Nefronoftisi; Factors pronòsticsIntroduction Nephronophthisis (NPH) comprises a group of rare disorders accounting for up to 10% of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in children. Prediction of kidney prognosis poses a major challenge. We assessed differences in kidney survival, impact of variant type, and the association of clinical characteristics with declining kidney function. Methods Data was obtained from 3 independent sources, namely the network for early onset cystic kidney diseases clinical registry (n = 105), an online survey sent out to the European Reference Network for Rare Kidney Diseases (n = 60), and a literature search (n = 218). Results A total of 383 individuals were available for analysis: 116 NPHP1, 101 NPHP3, 81 NPHP4 and 85 NPHP11/TMEM67 patients. Kidney survival differed between the 4 cohorts with a highly variable median age at onset of ESKD as follows: NPHP3, 4.0 years (interquartile range 0.3–12.0); NPHP1, 13.5 years (interquartile range 10.5–16.5); NPHP4, 16.0 years (interquartile range 11.0–25.0); and NPHP11/TMEM67, 19.0 years (interquartile range 8.7–28.0). Kidney survival was significantly associated with the underlying variant type for NPHP1, NPHP3, and NPHP4. Multivariate analysis for the NPHP1 cohort revealed growth retardation (hazard ratio 3.5) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) treatment (hazard ratio 2.8) as 2 independent factors associated with an earlier onset of ESKD, whereas arterial hypertension was linked to an accelerated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decline. Conclusion The presented data will enable clinicians to better estimate kidney prognosis of distinct patients with NPH and thereby allow personalized counseling.NEOCYST (Network of Early Onset Cystic Kidney Diseases; www.neocyst.de)27 is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research—grant code 01GM1515A. This study was also supported by the European Reference Network for Rare Kidney Diseases, which is partly co-funded by the European Union within the framework of the Third Health Program “ERN-2016-Framework Partnership Agreement 2017-2021.

Effect of Antimony and Cerium on the Formation of Chunky Graphite during Solidification of Heavy-Section Castings of Near-Eutectic Spheroidal Graphite Irons

Thermal analysis is applied to the study of the formation of chunky graphite (CHG) in heavysection castings of spheroidal graphite cast irons. To that aim, near-eutectic melts prepared in one single cast house were poured into molds containing up to four large cubic blocks 30 cm in size. Four melts have been prepared and cast that had a cerium content varying in relation with the spheroidizing alloy used. Postinoculation or addition of antimony was achieved by fixing appropriate amounts of materials in the gating system of each block. Cooling curves recorded in the center of the blocks show that solidification proceeds in three steps: a short primary deposition of graphite followed by an initial and then a bulk eutectic reaction. Formation of CHG could be unambiguously associated with increased recalescence during the bulk eutectic reaction. While antimony strongly decreases the amount of CHG, it appears that the ratio of the contents in antimony and cerium should be higher than 0.8 in order to avoid this graphite degeneracy