Contaminants in Animal Products

Organic and conventional animal products may include residues of veterinary drugs and environmental contaminant. Food contaminants can cause consumer illness such as allergy, immunosuppression, cancer, teratogenicity, mutagenicity and genotoxicity. Therefore, their control is an important issue in terms of public health. In this article, information is given about contaminants such as bacterial, fungal, metal pesticides and veterinary drug that can be found in organic and conventional animal products. In addition, the effects of various cooking and freezing processes on contaminants in animal foods and their legal regulation have been mentioned

Spectrophotometric multicomponent resolution of a veterinary formulation containing oxfendazole and oxyclozanide by multivariate calibration-prediction techniques

Four multivariate calibration-prediction techniques, classical least-squares, inverse least-squares, principal component regression and partial least-squares regression were applied to the spectrophotometric multicomponent analysis of a veterinary formulation containing oxfendazole (OXF) and oxyclozanide (OXC) without any separation step. The multivariate calibrations were constructed by measuring the absorbance values at 14 points in the 285-350 nm wavelength range and by using the training set of standard mixtures containing OXF and OXC in the different compositions. The validity of building multivariate calibrations was checked by using the synthetic mixtures of both drugs. The multivariate calibration models were successfully applied to the spectrophotometric determination of OXF and OXC in laboratory prepared mixtures and a veterinary formulation. The results obtained were statistically compared with each other. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved

Imaging the basin and fault geometry from the multichannel seismic reflection data in the Tekirdag Basin, Marmara Sea, Turkey

Determination of the fault geometry in the Marmara Sea has been a major problem for the researchers after the occurrence of the 1999 August 17 Golcuk (M = 7.4) earthquake. To shed a light to the problem we applied the pre-stack Kirchhoff depth migration technique to the multichannel seismic reflection data of three profiles to investigate the basin and fault geometry in the Tekirdag Basin in the western Marmara Sea. The boundary of the basin and its sediments were revealed in N-S and NE-SW directions in depth sections. We identify major fault types involving these structures at different locations in Tekirdag Basin showing that the basin is developed under their movement. The North Anatolian Fault is imaged and interpreted as transtensional character at the centre of the Tekirdag Basin that is symmetrically divided with a large distributed zone. The fault plane is imaged through the depth of 2 km dipping to the north with 90 degrees in the upper 350 m and 82 degrees in the lower part. The basin thickness reaches about 2.5 km at that point. Syn-transform sediments of the basin are disturbed by some normal faults dipping to the north. These faults are represented by notable displacements of the reflections which prompted us to consider them as a potential tsunami source if they move during a large earthquake along the major fault. Another major fault is identified at the westernmost of the basin. Because it shows the same character as Ganos fault, it might be submarine part of it. It has reverse component with the dip angle of 65 degrees to the north and trending along the western flank of the basin. A reverse fault is identified appearing in low angle (similar to 20 degrees) surrounding the edge of the submarine slide at southwest of the basin. From its geometry it is interpreted as a local fault formed between two main faults. From the sketch of the basin and the fault geometry obtained from the images we suggest that the basin should be formed by a pull-apart system

Monensin induces apoptosis in the liver tissue and primary hepatocytes of chicks

In this study, monensin (MON) was investigated for its apoptotic and genotoxic effects on chick liver tissue and cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on chick primary hepatocytes isolated from perfused liver tissue. Western blotting and real-time PCR (qPCR) were used to determine the apoptotic effect on primary hepatocytes and liver tissue, and the comet assay was used to determine the genotoxic effect on liver tissue. MON decreased cell viability in primary hepatocytes with increasing concentrations. When administered at concentrations of 1 and 10 ??M, MON increased the levels of apoptotic p53, caspase-3, and caspase-9, and downregulated the expression of the antiapoptotic survivin, Bcl-xl, and Bcl-2 genes (p < 0.05). Furthermore, 100 and 125 ppm of MON increased caspase-3, caspase-9, and p53 protein levels, and downregulated Bcl-2 expression (p < 0.05). Bcl-xl gene expression was downregulated only in the group that received 125 ppm of MON (p 0.05). Changes observed in the expression of the survivin gene were insignificant in both groups (p 0.05). Moreover, 100 and 125 ppm of MON caused comet formation, which is a marker of genotoxicity, in the liver (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that MON induced apoptosis in both primary hepatocytes and liver tissue, and also caused genotoxicity in the liver tissue