2,857 research outputs found
AGN obscuration from winds: from dusty infrared-driven to warm and X-ray photoionized
We present calculations of AGN winds at ~parsec scales, along with the
associated obscuration. We take into account the pressure of infrared radiation
on dust grains and the interaction of X-rays from a central black hole with hot
and cold plasma. Infrared radiation (IR) is incorporated in
radiation-hydrodynamic simulations adopting the flux-limited diffusion
approximation. We find that in the range of X-ray luminosities L=0.05 - 0.6
L_edd, the Compton-thick part of the flow (aka torus) has an opening angle of
approximately 72-75 degrees regardless of the luminosity. At L > 0.1 L_edd the
outflowing dusty wind provides the obscuration with IR pressure playing a major
role. The global flow consists of two phases: the cold flow at inclinations
\theta > 70 degrees and a hot, ionized wind of lower density at lower
inclinations. The dynamical pressure of the hot wind is important in shaping
the denser IR supported flow. At luminosities <0.1 L_edd episodes of outflow
are followed by extended periods when the wind switches to slow accretion.Comment: accepted for publication in Ap
Active galaxy unification in the era of X-ray polarimetry
Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), Seyfert galaxies and quasars, are powered by
luminous accretion and often accompanied by winds which are powerful enough to
affect the AGN mass budget, and whose observational appearance bears an imprint
of processes which are happening within the central parsec around the black
hole (BH). One example of such a wind is the partially ionized gas responsible
for X-ray and UV absorption ('warm absorbers'). Here we show that such gas will
have a distinct signature when viewed in polarized X-rays. Observations of such
polarization can test models for the geometry of the flow, and the gas
responsible for launching and collimating it. We present calculations which
show that the polarization depends on the hydrodynamics of the flow, the
quantum mechanics of resonance line scattering and the transfer of polarized
X-ray light in the highly ionized moving gas. The results emphasize the three
dimensional nature of the wind for modeling spectra. We show that the
polarization in the 0.1-10 keV energy range is dominated by the effects of
resonance lines. We predict a X-ray polarization signature of type-2
objects in this energy range. These results are general to flows which
originate from a cold torus-like structure, located pc from the BH,
which wraps the BH and is ultimately responsible for the apparent dichotomy
between type 1 and type 2 AGNs. Such signals will be detectable by future
dedicated X-ray polarimetry space missions, such as the NASA Gravity and
Extreme Magnetism SMEX, GEMS.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures, ApJ Letters accepted for publicatio
Consequences of hot gas in the broad line region of active galactic nuclei
Models for hot gas in the broad line region of active galactic nuclei are discussed. The results of the two phase equilibrium models for confinement of broad line clouds by Compton heated gas are used to show that high luminosity quasars are expected to show Fe XXVI L alpha line absorption which will be observed with spectrometers such as those planned for the future X-ray spectroscopy experiments. Two phase equilibrium models also predict that the gas in the broad line clouds and the confining medium may be Compton thick. It is shown that the combined effects of Comptonization and photoabsorption can suppress both the broad emission lines and X-rays in the Einstein and HEAO-1 energy bands. The observed properties of such Compton thick active galaxies are expected to be similar to those of Seyfert 2 nuclei. The implications for polarization and variability are also discussed
Parsec-scale accretion and winds irradiated by a quasar
We present numerical simulations of properties of a parsec-scale torus
exposed to illumination by the central black hole in an active galaxy (AGN).
Our physical model allows to investigate the balance between the formation of
winds and accretion simultaneously. Radiation-driven winds are allowed by
taking into account radiation pressure due to UV and IR radiation along with
X-ray heating and dust sublimation. Accretion is allowed through angular
momentum transport and the solution of the equations of radiation
hydrodynamics. Our methods adopt flux-limited diffusion radiation-hydrodynamics
for the dusty, infrared pressure driven part of the flow, along with X-ray
heating and cooling. Angular momentum transport in the accreting part of the
flow is modeled using effective viscosity. Our results demonstrate that
radiation pressure on dust can play an important role in shaping AGN
obscuration. For example, when the luminosity illuminating the torus exceeds
, where is the Eddington luminosity, we find
no episodes of sustained disk accretion because radiation pressure does not
allow a disk to form. Despite the absence of the disk accretion, the flow of
gas to smaller radii still proceeds at a rate through the capturing of the gas from the hot evaporative flow, thus
providing a mechanism to deliver gas from a radiation-pressure dominated torus
to the inner accretion disk. As increases, larger radiation
input leads to larger torus aspect ratios and increased obscuration of the
central black hole. We also find the important role of the X-ray heated gas in
shaping of the obscuring torus.Comment: accepted to Ap
AGN Torus Threaded by Large Scale Magnetic Field
Large scale magnetic eld can be easily dragged from galactic scales towards AGN alongwith accreting gas. There, it can contribute to both the formation of AGN "torus" and help to remove angular momentum from the gas which fuels AGN accretion disk. Howeverthe dynamics of such gas is also strongly inuenced by the radiative feedback from theinner accretion disk. Here we present results from the three-dimensional simulations ofpc-scale accretion which is exposed to intense X-ray heating
An axisymmetric, hydrodynamical model for the torus wind in AGN
We report on time-dependent axisymmetric simulations of an X-ray excited flow
from a parsec-scale, rotating, cold torus around an active galactic nucleus.
Our simulations account for radiative heating and cooling and radiation
pressure force. The simulations follow the development of a broad bi-conical
outflow induced mainly by X-ray heating. We compute synthetic spectra predicted
by our simulations. The wind characteristics and the spectra support the
hypothesis that a rotationally supported torus can serve as the source of a
wind which is responsible for the warm absorber gas observed in the X-ray
spectra of many Seyfert galaxies.Comment: ApJ Letters, accepted for publicatio
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