Characteristics of Clinical and Imaging Findings of Epidermoid Cysts under the Skin of the Mental Region

Epidermoid cyst often arises in the fl oor of oral cavity; however, it is relatively rare to arise subcutaneously in the mental region. We reported characteristics of clinical and imaging fi ndings of epidermoid cysts under the skin of the mental region. The patient was a 53-year-old male. He complained of a subcutaneous mass without pain in the left mental region. A palpable soft and movable thumb-sized mass without pain was observed at the fi rst examination. Ultrasound examination revealed a well-demarcated mass with heterogenous hyper-echoic internal echo and posterior echo enhancement. On power Doppler sonography, a small amount of blood supply was found around the periphery of the mass. Plain CT scan revealeda globular soft-tissue mass with peripheral high and central low CT values area. The mass was removed under local anesthesia using intraoral approach. A histopathologic diagnosis was epidermoid cyst. Recurrence is not observed 2 years after surgery. There were only 3 reports of epidermoid cysts in the mental region, including our case in Japan, clinically characteristics of age ranging 20 to 66 years of age and the mean age of 46 years, with 2 males and 1 female. The size wasfrom 20 mm to 12 mm in diameter and from the tip of a thumb up to the tip of a small fi nger. Ultrasound images of the inside of epidermoid cysts that we experienced this time showed enhancement of relatively uniform hyperechoic image and posterior echo, which was characteristically slightly diff erent from fi ndings of epidermoid cysts generally reported

Intra-Bone Marrow Administration of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Is a Promising Approach for Treating Osteoporosis

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are known to be useful for treating local bone diseases. However, it is not known if MSCs are effective for treating systemic bone diseases, as the risk for mortality following intravenous MSC administration has hindered research progress. In this study, we compared the safety and efficacy of intra-bone marrow and intravenous administration of MSCs for the treatment of ovariectomy- (OVX-) induced osteoporosis. Cells capable of forming bone were isolated from the murine compact bones and expanded in culture. Relatively pure MSCs possessing increased potential for cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and inhibition of osteoclastogenesis were obtained by magnetic-activated cell sorting with the anti-Sca-1 antibody. Sca-1-sorted MSCs were administered to OVX mice, which were sacrificed 1 month later. We observed that 22% of the mice died after intravenous administration, whereas none of the mice died after intra-bone marrow administration. With respect to efficacy, intravenous administration improved bone mineral density (BMD) by increasing bone mineral content without affecting bone thickness, whereas intra-bone marrow administration improved BMD by increasing both bone mineral content and bone thickness. These results indicate that intra-bone marrow administration of pure MSCs is a safer and more effective approach for treating osteoporosis

Lowe syndrome caused by gloss deletion

Lowe syndrome (LS) is an X-linked disorder affecting the eyes, nervous system and kidneys, typically caused by missense or nonsense/frameshift OCRL mutations. We report a 6-month-old male clinically suspected to have LS, but without the Fanconi-type renal dysfunction. Using a targeted-exome sequencing-first approach, LS was diagnosed by the identification of a deletion involving 1.7 Mb at Xq25-q26.1, encompassing the entire OCRL gene and neighboring loci

Chromosome 1p36 deletion syndrome detected by NGS

Although chromosome 1p36 deletion syndrome is considered clinically recognizable based on characteristic features, the clinical manifestations of patients during infancy are often not consistent with those observed later in life. We report a 4-month-old girl who showed multiple congenital anomalies and developmental delay, but no clinical signs of syndromic disease caused by a terminal deletion in 1p36.32-p36.33 that was first identified by targeted-exome sequencing for molecular diagnosis

Re-engineering the Functions of a Terminally Differentiated Epithelial Cell in Vivo

Because of their easy access, and important role in oral homeostasis, mammalian salivary glands provide a unique site for addressing key issues and problems in tissue engineering. This manuscript reviews studies by us in three major directions involving re-engineering functions of salivary epithelial cells. Using adenoviral-mediated gene transfer in vivo , we show approaches to i) repair damaged, hypofunctional glands and ii) redesign secretory functions to include endocrine as well as exocrine pathways. The third series of studies show our general approach to develop an artificial salivary gland for clinical situations in which all glandular tissue has been lost.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72101/1/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08512.x.pd

The Use of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells (Bone Marrow-Derived Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells) for Alveolar Bone Tissue Engineering: Basic Science to Clinical Translation

Bone tissue engineering is a promising field of regenerative medicine in which cultured cells, scaffolds, and osteogenic inductive signals are used to regenerate bone. Human bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are the most commonly used cell source for bone tissue engineering. Although it is known that cell culture and induction protocols significantly affect the in vivo bone forming ability of BMSCs, the responsible factors of clinical outcome are poorly understood. The results from recent studies using human BMSCs have shown that factors such as passage number and length of osteogenic induction significantly affect ectopic bone formation, although such differences hardly affected the alkaline phosphatase activity or gene expression of osteogenic markers. Application of basic fibroblast growth factor helped to maintain the in vivo osteogenic ability of BMSCs. Importantly, responsiveness of those factors should be tested under clinical circumstances to improve the bone tissue engineering further. In this review, clinical application of bone tissue engineering was reviewed with putative underlying mechanisms

β-リン酸三カルシウムによる担体を併用した歯の移植は骨と歯周組織再生を促進する

緒言歯の先天性欠如の治療法として，他の治療法に対して，より高い機能性，審美性の向上，治療時間の短縮の利点により歯の移植の有用性が報告されている．しかしながら，移植床が歯の歯根幅に対し矮小な場合，適応外となる症例があった．そこで，本研究では歯の移植に合わせて不足する歯槽骨を再生させる事で，歯の移植治療の適応拡大を目指すことを目的として，移植された歯根周囲の骨再生に対するβ-TCPブロックおよび/または単核球（BM- MNCs）の影響を調査した，実験材料および方法移植歯と細胞のドナーとして，3週齢雄性C57BL/6Jマウスを用いた．上顎第一臼歯，上顎第二臼歯の抜歯を行い, 同系マウス大腿骨・脛骨の骨髄から， 密度勾配遠心法にてBM- MNCsの分離を行った．抽出したBM- MNCsは flow cytometryで分析した． 実験はMNC群，β-TCP群，Control群の3群とし，MNC群ではβ-TCP担体+MNC+歯, β-TCP群ではβ-TCP担体+歯，Control群では歯のみを6週齢雄性同系マウスの大腿筋内に移植した．移植4週間後に移植物を摘出し, 動物用マイクロCTにて評価を行った．標本は，HE染色，マッソントリクローム染色，およびOsteopontin(OPN)，Osteocalcin(OCN)，Periostin，type I Collagenに対する免疫組織染色をおこなった．再生組織の形態計測分析にはTRI/3D-BON（ラトック社）を用いた．結果抽出したBM- MNCsは，CD29 +/CD90+/CD45-細胞が0.5%であった．3群とも歯根周囲に骨再生を伴う歯周組織の再生が認められた．MNC群とβ-TCP群では，Control群と比較して，新生骨の骨組織体積（TV）， 骨体積（BV），骨表面積(BS)，ダイレクト計測骨梁幅（Tb. Th）とフラクタル次元が有意に大きかった（P<0.05）．また，MNC群とβ-TCP群では歯根の外側にも新生骨が認められたが，Control群では新生骨は外側での骨形成はわずかであった．新生骨は歯根周囲に限局していた．組織学的解析では，すべての群で未成熟な新生骨を示した．OPN陽性細胞，OCN陽性細胞は全ての実験群で新生骨の周囲に観察された．また，MNC群とβ-TCP群の根尖部は肥大したセメント質様組織が時折認められ，Control群では歯根外部吸収が認められた．歯根と新生骨間にはコラーゲンを含む歯根膜様の組織が形成され，一部はPeriostinおよびtype I Collagen陽性であった．この膠原線維は歯根表面に対して，MNC群，β-TCP群では垂直または斜走する線維だったが，Control群ではより平行な線維が観察された．また，全群で歯髄腔内に骨様構造の形成を認めた．考察β-TCPを用いた群ではControl群と比較して骨形成が促進されたが，このメカニズムとしてβ-TCPの骨伝導効果，多孔質構造による血管新生の促進，および骨再生のためのスペース確保が考えられた．新生骨量には，MNC群とβ-TCP群で差が見られなかった．分離されたBM-MNCsの中で間葉系幹細胞を含むCD29+/CD90+/CD45-分画はわずか0.5%であり，新生骨の形成の促進には細胞数が十分でなかった可能性がある．但し，Tb.Th，やフラクタル次元ではMNC群がβ-TCP群と比較し有意に大きかったことから，BM-MNCsは骨成熟を促進したと考えられた．移植した歯根と，新生骨間には歯根膜様組織の再生が見られたが，コラーゲン線維の走行やPeriostin， type I Collagenの発現から，再生歯根膜は正常な歯根膜と比較して未熟であった．歯周組織の成熟には機械的刺激が必要とされており，移植後の歯に対して負荷が無いことが原因と考えられた．2020博士（歯学）松本歯科大

A case of maxillary sinusitis secondary to overfilling of a root canal

A case of iatrogenic sinusitis secondary to overfilling of a root canal filling material was reported. A 50–year old male was referred to our hospital with a symptom of nasal discharge. The cone–beam CT and panoramic x–ray images showed the soft–tissue density mass in right maxillary sinus and also the excess of root canal filling material from distobuccal root of right upper molar. After the administration of antibiotics and the root canal treatment, the excess material was surgically removed together with the amputation of the affected root, which resulted in the complete resolution of right maxillary sinusitis. The present case and the other related reports showed the risk of iatrogenic maxillary sinusitis even with a small fragment of overextended root canal filling materials. Dentists should be aware of this possibility for the ordinary root canal treatment