10 research outputs found
The molecular epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in six cities in Britain and Ireland
The authors sequenced the p17 coding regions of the gag gene from 211 patients infected either through injecting drug use (IDU) or by sexual intercourse between men from six cities in Scotland, N. England, N. Ireland, and the Republic of Ireland. All sequences were of subtype 5. Phylogenetic analysis revealed substantial heterogeneity in the sequences from homosexual men. In contrast, sequence from over 80% of IDUs formed a relatively tight cluster, distinct both from those of published isolates and of the gay men. There was no large-scale clustering of sequences by city in either risk group, although a number of close associations between pairs of individuals were observed. From the known date of the HIV-1 epidemic among IDUs in Edinburgh, the rate of sequence divergence at synonymous sites is estimated to be about 0.8%. On this basis it has been estimated that the date of divergence of the sequences among homosexual men to be about 1975, which may correspond to the origin of the B subtype epidemic
Nota corta. EvaluaciĂłn de genotipos de sorgo para resistencia al barrenador del tallo Chilo partellus (Swinhoe)
Twenty sweet sorghum and three grain sorghum -Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench- genotypes were tested for resistance to the damage caused by the sorghum stem borer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) under infested field conditions in the Dharwad region of northern Karnataka, India. Five different types of damage were taken into account: leaf scraping, dead heart, pinhole, peduncle and stem tunnelling damage. Genotype SSV-7073 was found to be the most resistant with respect to all the damage types studied. In addition, the genotypes Nandyal, SSV-53, SSV-6928, HES-4 and IS-2312 showed little peduncle and stem tunnelling damage. These genotypes might be considered potentially resistant varieties and may serve as material of interest in sorghum improvement programmes.En la regiĂłn de Dharwad, en el norte de Karnataka (India) se evaluaron, en condiciones de campo, 20 genotipos de sorgo dulce y tres de sorgo de grano (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), para estudiar los daños causados por el barrenador del tallo, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). Se consideraron cinco clases de daños: hojas deshilachadas, hojas agujereadas, mĂ©dula muerta y excavaciĂłn de tĂșneles en tallos y pedĂșnculos. El genotipo SSV-7073 fue el mĂĄs prometedor y resistente para el conjunto de daños, y los genotipos Nandyal, SSV-53, SSV-6928, HES-4 e IS-2312 mostraron pocas excavaciones de tĂșneles en tallos y pedĂșnculos. De aquĂ que estos genotipos pueden ser considerados como variedades potencialmente resistentes, y ser incorporados en programas de mejora del sorgo
Screening of sorghum genotypes for resistance to damage caused by the stem borer "Chilo partellus" (Swinhoe)
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First Results from the JWST Early Release Science Program Q3D: Powerful Quasar-driven Galactic Scale Outflow at z = 3
Quasar-driven galactic outflows are a major driver of the evolution of massive galaxies. We report observations of a powerful galactic-scale outflow in a z = 3 extremely red and intrinsically luminous (L bol â 5 Ă 1047erg sâ1) quasar SDSSJ1652 + 1728 with the Near-infrared Spectrograph on board JWST. We analyze the kinematics of rest-frame optical emission lines and identify the quasar-driven outflow extending out to âŒ10 kpc from the quasar with a velocity offset of (v r = ± 500 km sâ1) and high velocity dispersion (FWHM = 700-2400 km sâ1). Due to JWSTâs unprecedented surface brightness sensitivity in the near-infrared, we unambiguously show that the powerful high velocity outflow in an extremely red quasar encompasses a large swath of the host galaxyâs interstellar medium. Using the kinematics and dynamics of optical emission lines, we estimate the mass outflow rateâin the warm ionized phase aloneâto be at least 2300 ± 1400 M â yrâ1. We measure a momentum flux ratio between the outflow and the quasar accretion disk of âŒ1 on a kpc scale, indicating that the outflow was likely driven in a relatively high (>1023cmâ2) column density environment through radiation pressure on dust grains. We find a coupling efficiency between the bolometric luminosity of the quasar and the outflow of 0.1%, matching the theoretical prediction of the minimum coupling efficiency necessary for negative quasar feedback. The outflow has sufficient energetics to drive the observed turbulence seen in shocked regions of the quasar host galaxy, which are likely directly responsible for prolonging the time that it takes for gas to cool efficiently. © 2024. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.Open access journalThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]