Alternatives to the use of antibiotics for laying hens in growing phase

This study evaluated the performance, immune response to vaccination, digestive organs, intestinal histomorphometry, and microbiological development in the diet and litter of Isa Brown strains at growing receiving phase alternative additives in the place of antibiotics. Four treatments were arrayed in a completely randomized design: T1) Basal diet without antibiotics, T2) Basal diet with antibiotics, T3) Basal diet with probiotics, and T4) Basal diet without antibiotics and water modified by a photoelectron generator. There were six replications of eight birds each and thus a total of 192 birds. Performance was evaluated for eight weeks and during this period blood samples were collected at 9, 12 and 15 weeks of age for serological evaluation. At the end of the experimental period, 24 birds were euthanized, collecting the intestinal tract and later performing histomorphometry. Microbiological analyses were performed in the experimental diets and in the material of the litter of the boxes. The results obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance and the contrast between treatment means when significant by Tukey’s test. The results indicate that the replacement of antibiotics with T3 or T4 did not interfere negatively (P >0.05) in the performance of the birds, immunological response, viscera analyses and intestinal histomorphometry. In addition, use of T3 and T4 might lead to more rapid decomposition of excreta and reduce antibiotic residue in the soil when the litter is used in crop production.Keywords: dileka, Gallus domesticus, histomorphometry, laying hens, probiotics, serum biochemistry, wate

A Fast Immunoassay For The Screening Of Alfa-trenbolone In Bovine Urine [um Imunoensaio Rápido Para A Detecção De Alfa-trembolona Em Urina Bovina]

Brazil is one of the many countries that forbids the use of anabolic compounds, which generates difficulties on monitoring its use, once it has one of the biggest cattle herd. Therefore, several anabolic compounds are used, including trenbolone acetate. With the agreement of "Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento", an ELISA based test was done with the production of polyclonal antibodies in rabbits and testing in steers urine which received trenbolone acetate implants. The test showed to be cheap, easy and reliable to use in bovine urine to determine alfa- trenbolone, trenbolone acetate major metabolite, released in the animals urine until 60 days after implant was been injected. The results in comparison to the ones obtained by the commercial kit used by the Brazilian "Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento" were similar, with no significant differences.43SUPPL7479Boots, R., Anderson, P., Dehaan, K., Growth stimulants: Compounds, concentrations, combinations and regulations (1997) Proceedings, pp. 10-14. , IMPACT AND CARCASS VALUE OF BEEF CATTLE-SYMPOSIUM, Oklahoma, Oklahoma: [s. n.]Lone, K.P., Natural sex steroids and their xenobiotic analogs in animal production: Growth, carcass quality, pharmacokinetics, metabolism, mode of action, residues, methods and epidemiology (1997) Critical Review in Food Science and Nutrition, 37 (1-2), pp. 93-209Hayden, J.M., Bergen, W.G., Merkel, R.A., Skeletal muscle protein metabolism and serum hormone, insulin and cortisol concentrations in growing steers implanted with estradiol 17b, trenbolone acetate or estradiol-17b plus trenbolone acetate (1992) Journal of Animal Science, 70 (7), pp. 2109-2119Orr, R., (2004) Growth Promoting Hormones in Cattle, , http//www.foodsafetynetwork.ca/animal/growth-hormones-cattle.html, Available, Cited: 13 abrFerrando, R., (2004) Methods of Measuring Hormone Levels in Animal Products, , http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/004/X6533E/X6533E02.htm, Available, Cited: 13 abrPaschoal, J.A.R., (2002) Padronização De Um Ensaio Imunoenzimático (ELISA) a Partir De Anticorpos Policlonais Produzidos Contra Progesterona, , 81 f. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, 2002ELISA - theory and practice (1995) Methods in Molecular Biology, 42, p. 223Baxter, G.A., Specificity enhancement of polyclonal antiserum by the induction of tolerance to una wanted cross-reacting determinants (1996) Food & Agricultural Immunology, 8, pp. 85-95Erlanger, B.F., Steroid-protein conjugates. I.Preparation and characterization of conjugates of bovine serum albumin with testosterone and with cortisone (1957) Journal of Biological Chemistry, 228, pp. 713-727van de Wiel, D.F.M., Koops, W., Development and validation of an enzyme immunoassay for progesterone in bovine milk or blood plasma (1985) Animal Reproduction Science, 10, pp. 201-213Plaizier, J.C.B., Field validation of an EIA kit for progesterone measurement in milk and blood plasma (1993) International Atomic Energy Agency, pp. 157-170. , Improving the productivity of indigenous African livestock, Vienna: IAEA: FAO, IAEATECDOC, 708Dubois, M., GC-MS determination of anabolic steroids after multi-immunoaffinity purification (1998) The Analyst, 123 (12), pp. 2611-2616Yoshioka, N., Akiyama, Y., Takeda, N., Determination of a and b- trenbolone in bovine muscle and liver by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (2000) Journal of Chromatography B, 739, pp. 363-367Sterk, S., (1998) Production and Stability Testing of Incurred Reference Materials for the Anabolic Steroid Trenbolone in Bovine Urine, 123 (12), pp. 2563-2566. , The Analys

Production of polyclonal antibody for ciprofloxacin detection in Brazilian livestock

The antibiotic use to increase the animal production can result in residual concentrations in products as meat, eggs and milk, exceeding the acceptable doses for human consumption. In Brazil nowadays, 14 antibiotics are employed as feed additive, however there are about 121 drugs used in Veterinary Medicine that contain antibiotics in their formulation. Due to amplitude and frequency of the antimicrobial resistance, it can be considered an emergent and significant question for the public health and an alert for the necessity of a global control about the use of those antibiotics. The immunoassays allow the diagnosis of these antibiotics with accessible costs and presenting good results. The aim of this work was to produce polyclonal antibodies for ciprofloxacin detection using ELISA.</jats:p

Alternatives to the use of antibiotics for laying hens in growing phase

This study evaluated the performance, immune response to vaccination, digestive organs, intestinal histomorphometry, and microbiological development in the diet and litter of Isa Brown strains at growing receiving phase alternative additives in the place of antibiotics. Four treatments were arrayed in a completely randomized design: T1) Basal diet without antibiotics, T2) Basal diet with antibiotics, T3) Basal diet with probiotics, and T4) Basal diet without antibiotics and water modified by a photoelectron generator. There were six replications of eight birds each and thus a total of 192 birds. Performance was evaluated for eight weeks and during this period blood samples were collected at 9, 12 and 15 weeks of age for serological evaluation. At the end of the experimental period, 24 birds were euthanized, collecting the intestinal tract and later performing histomorphometry. Microbiological analyses were performed in the experimental diets and in the material of the litter of the boxes. The results obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance and the contrast between treatment means when significant by Tukey’s test. The results indicate that the replacement of antibiotics with T3 or T4 did not interfere negatively (P &gt;0.05) in the performance of the birds, immunological response, viscera analyses and intestinal histomorphometry. In addition, use of T3 and T4 might lead to more rapid decomposition of excreta and reduce antibiotic residue in the soil when the litter is used in crop production.Keywords: dileka, Gallus domesticus, histomorphometry, laying hens, probiotics, serum biochemistry, water</jats:p