In the Long Run We Are All Unemployed?

In this paper a brief history of the Phillips curve is sketched. Empirical evidence from France, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States during the latter half of the 20th century in support of a positive long-run relationship between price inflation and unemployment is presented. In order to reconcile the predominant theoretical view, which holds that inflation is neutral in the long run, with the observed data, two arguments are outlined, both of which build on unintended consequences of monetary expansion: (1) redistributional effects on incomes and wealth, and (2) business cycle fluctuations. The analysis hinges on further political interventions in response to these consequences, which tend to increase unemployment as they render labor markets less flexible. In this sense the relationship between price inflation and unemployment over the past 60 years can in part be interpreted as the outcome of an interventionist spiral

Die Österreichische Schule als Gegenprogramm zur Standardökonomik

In this article we outline the special position of the Austrian School (AS) among the numerous currents of modern economics, and distinguish it methodologically from mainstream economics (ME). The AS has largely remained true to classical economics in its approach and conclusions, whereas modern ME has become a “new economics” that emulates the methods of the natural sciences. The methodological instrumentalism of ME proclaims empirical prediction as the primary goal of science. The latter remains secondary in the tradition of the AS. Like classical economics, it pursues a methodological realism. It holds that theory precedes empirical analysis. Economic theory, despite all of its mistakes and incompleteness, is a priori according to the AS. Empirical analysis, on the other hand, is understood as purely descriptive. It describes the phenomena that need to be explained causally. But there is no way from empirical analysis to the realization of general causal connections. One of the most important contributions of the AS to modern economic research is the elaboration of the unsuitability of empirical prediction as methodological guiding criterion in the social sciences

Die Österreichische Schule als Gegenprogramm zur Standardökonomik : Replik zum Kommentar von Ansgar Belke

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Comprehensive lung injury pathology induced by mTOR inhibitors

Molecular Targets in Oncology[Abstract] Interstitial lung disease is a rare side effect of temsirolimus treatment in renal cancer patients. Pulmonary fibrosis is characterised by the accumulation of extracellular matrix collagen, fibroblast proliferation and migration, and loss of alveolar gas exchange units. Previous studies of pulmonary fibrosis have mainly focused on the fibro-proliferative process in the lungs. However, the molecular mechanism by which sirolimus promotes lung fibrosis remains elusive. Here, we propose an overall cascade hypothesis of interstitial lung diseases that represents a common, partly underlying synergism among them as well as the lung pathogenesis side effects of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors

Technology and institutions: A critical appraisal of GIS in the planning domain

GIS (Geographic Information Systems) has captured planning practice to an unprecedented degree, and this article on how it reconfigures and is configured by institutional context. The author inquires into GIS as a technology for incorporating knowledge into institutional use and includes five propositions: (1) GIS's efficiencies in data processing allows it unprecedented facility and scope of analysis, (2) its use increases alienation, (3) its mimetic language furthers its role in planning, (4) its logic appears rational-purposive, but it conceals an underlying normative logic, and (5) its most profound effect is on the mapper, and the alienating and normative character of GIS necessitate new modes of "social ground-truthing." The author studies the southeast Los Angeles (SELA) initiatives to demonstrate these propositions. This article compares two studies: one GIS-based, and the other based on participatory action research and discusses how GIS might be recontextualized into a technology for liberating democratizing processes. © 2008 Sage Publications.link_to_subscribed_fulltex