35,872 research outputs found
Buprenorphine in Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome.
Infants exposed in utero to opioids will demonstrate a withdrawal syndrome known as neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). Buprenorphine is a long-acting opioid with therapeutic use in medication-assisted treatment of opioid dependency in adults and adolescents. Emerging data from clinical trials and treatment cohorts demonstrate the efficacy and safety of sublingual buprenorphine for those infants with NAS who require pharmacologic treatment. Pharmacometric modeling will assist in defining the exposure-response relationships and facilitate dose optimization
Unsolvability Cores in Classification Problems
Classification problems have been introduced by M. Ziegler as a
generalization of promise problems. In this paper we are concerned with
solvability and unsolvability questions with respect to a given set or language
family, especially with cores of unsolvability. We generalize the results about
unsolvability cores in promise problems to classification problems. Our main
results are a characterization of unsolvability cores via cohesiveness and
existence theorems for such cores in unsolvable classification problems. In
contrast to promise problems we have to strengthen the conditions to assert the
existence of such cores. In general unsolvable classification problems with
more than two components exist, which possess no cores, even if the set family
under consideration satisfies the assumptions which are necessary to prove the
existence of cores in unsolvable promise problems. But, if one of the
components is fixed we can use the results on unsolvability cores in promise
problems, to assert the existence of such cores in general. In this case we
speak of conditional classification problems and conditional cores. The
existence of conditional cores can be related to complexity cores. Using this
connection we can prove for language families, that conditional cores with
recursive components exist, provided that this family admits an uniform
solution for the word problem
Nonlinear cancellation of the parametric resonance in elastic beams: theory and experiment
A non-linear control strategy is applied to a simply supported uniform elastic beam subjected to an axial end force at the principal-parametric resonance frequency of the first skew-symmetric mode. The control input consists of the bending couples applied by two pairs of piezoceramic actuators attached onto both sides of the beam surfaces and symmetrically with respect to the midspan, driven by the same voltage, thus resulting into symmetric control forces. This control architecture has zero control authority, in a linear sense, onto skew-symmetric vibrations. The non-linear transfer of energy from symmetric motions to skew-symmetric modes, due to non-linear inertia and curvature effects, provides the key physical mechanism for channelling suitable control power from the actuators into the linearly uncontrollable mode. The reduced dynamics of the system, constructed with the method of multiple scales directly applied to the governing PDE’s and boundary conditions, suggest effective forms of the control law as a two-frequency input in sub-combination resonance with the parametrically driven mode. The performances of different control laws are investigated. The relative phase and frequency relationships are designed so as to render the control action the most effective. The control schemes generate non-linear controller forces which increase the threshold for the activation of the parametric resonance thus resulting into its annihilation. The theoretical predictions are compared with experimentally obtained results
Whole-stream metabolism: strategies for measuring and modeling diel trends of dissolved oxygen
Stream metabolism is used to characterize the allochthonous and autochthonous basis of stream foodweb production. The metabolic rates of respiration and gross primary production often are estimated from changes in dissolved O2 concentration in the stream over time. An upstream–downstream O2 accounting method (2-station) is used commonly to estimate metabolic rates in a defined length of stream channel. Various approaches to measuring and analyzing diel O2 trends have been used, but a detailed comparison of different approaches (e.g., required reach length, method of measuring aeration rate [k], and use of temperature-corrected metabolic rates) is needed. We measured O2 upstream and downstream of various reaches in Kings Creek, Kansas. We found that 20 m was the approximate minimum reach length required to detect a significant change in O2, a result that matched the prediction of a calculation method to determine minimum reach length. We assessed the ability of models based on 2-station diel O2 data and k measurements in various streams around Manhattan, Kansas, to predict k accurately, and we tested the importance of accounting for temperature effects on metabolic rates. We measured gas exchange directly with an inert gas and used a tracer dye to account for dilution and to measure velocity and discharge. Modeled k was significantly correlated with measured k (Kendall's τ, p < 0.001; regression adjusted R²  =  0.70), but 19 published equations for estimating k generally provided poor estimates of measured k (only 6 of 19 equations were significantly correlated). Temperature correction of metabolic rates allowed us to account for increases in nighttime O2, and temperature-corrected metabolic rates fit the data somewhat better than uncorrected estimates. Use of temperature-correction estimates could facilitate cross-site comparisons of metabolism
Bound states and the classical double copy
We extend the perturbative classical double copy to the analysis of bound
systems. We first obtain the leading order perturbative gluon radiation field
sourced by a system of interacting color charges in arbitrary time dependent
orbits, and test its validity by taking relativistic bremsstrahlung and
non-relativistic bound state limits. By generalizing the color to kinematic
replacement rules recently used in the context of classical bremsstrahlung, we
map the gluon emission amplitude to the radiation fields of dilaton gravity
sourced by interacting particles in generic (self-consistent) orbits. As an
application, we reproduce the leading post-Newtonian radiation fields and
energy flux for point masses in non-relativistic orbits from the double copy of
gauge theory.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure, minor revisions to section II
Real entire functions with real zeros and a conjecture of Wiman
If f is a real entire function and ff" has only real zeros then f belongs to
the Laguerre-Polya class, the closure of the set of real polynomials with real
zeros.
This result completes a long line of development originating from a
conjecture of Wiman in 1914.Comment: 17 pages, LaTe
Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in psoriatic arthritis.
INTRODUCTION: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that can result in significant disability. With the emergence of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi), therapeutic outcomes in PsA have improved substantially. The clinical efficacy and the inhibition of radiographic progression demonstrated by TNFi have transformed the management of PsA. However, there is still an unmet need for a subset of patients who do not respond adequately to TNFi. Areas covered: This review provides an overview of the pharmacokinetics of TNFi, the efficacy of TNFi in PsA, and the role of immunogenicity of TNFi in the treatment of PsA. In addition, we address the use of TNFi in the setting of other medications utilized in the treatment of PsA and the potential future role of biosimilars. Expert commentary: Monoclonal antibodies exhibit complex and widely variable pharmacokinetics. The study of factors that can affect the pharmacokinetics, such as immunogenicity, is valuable to further define and understand the use of TNFi in PsA, especially in the subset of patients who do not respond adequately to these agents or lose effectiveness over time
Baker domains for Newton's method
We show that there exists an entire function without finite asymptotic values
for which the associated Newton function tends to infinity in some invariant
domain. The question whether such a function exists had been raised by Douady.Comment: 8 page
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