The Gene Ontology in 2010: extensions and refinements

The Gene Ontology (GO) Consortium (http://www.geneontology.org) (GOC) continues to develop, maintain and use a set of structured, controlled vocabularies for the annotation of genes, gene products and sequences. The GO ontologies are expanding both in content and in structure. Several new relationship types have been introduced and used, along with existing relationships, to create links between and within the GO domains. These improve the representation of biology, facilitate querying, and allow GO developers to systematically check for and correct inconsistencies within the GO. Gene product annotation using GO continues to increase both in the number of total annotations and in species coverage. GO tools, such as OBO-Edit, an ontology-editing tool, and AmiGO, the GOC ontology browser, have seen major improvements in functionality, speed and ease of use

Status of marine biodiversity in India

Biodiversity is defined by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) as the variability among living organisms from all sources including, among other things, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems. It includes species diversity, genetic diversity and ecosystem diversity. Species diversity is the diversity of all the species on earth from single-celled bacteria and protists to all the species of the multicellular kingdom. Genetic diversity is the variation within species due to geographical separation and intraspecific variation within the population. Recent developments in the biotechnological applications utilizing genetic diversity are ready to supply several wonder drugs to mankind. Ecosystem diversity is the variation of different biological communities and their interaction with the biotic and abiotic environment. Marine ecosystem provides several important ecosystem services and goods to human beings for their welfare in the form of essential goods. Biological components are crucial for proper ecosystem functioning which provides essential ecosystem services to human beings

Radio and infrared study of the star forming region IRAS 20286+4105

A multi-wavelength investigation of the star forming complex IRAS 20286+4105, located in the Cygnus-X region, is presented here. Near-infrared K-band data is used to revisit the cluster / stellar group identified in previous studies. The radio continuum observations, at 610 and 1280 MHz show the presence of a HII region possibly powered by a star of spectral type B0 - B0.5. The cometary morphology of the ionized region is explained by invoking the bow-shock model where the likely association with a nearby supernova remnant is also explored. A compact radio knot with non-thermal spectral index is detected towards the centre of the cloud. Mid-infrared data from the Spitzer Legacy Survey of the Cygnus-X region show the presence of six Class I YSOs inside the cloud. Thermal dust emission in this complex is modelled using Herschel far-infrared data to generate dust temperature and column density maps. Herschel images also show the presence of two clumps in this region, the masses of which are estimated to be {\sim} 175 M{\sun} and 30 M{\sun}. The mass-radius relation and the surface density of the clumps do not qualify them as massive star forming sites. An overall picture of a runaway star ionizing the cloud and a triggered population of intermediate-mass, Class I sources located toward the cloud centre emerges from this multiwavelength study. Variation in the dust emissivity spectral index is shown to exist in this region and is seen to have an inverse relation with the dust temperature.Comment: 20 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

Evaluation of Effectiveness of Bioactive Principles of Mucuna pruriens Seeds Using Experimental Models of Depression Associated with Parkinsonism and Associated Neurotransmitter Turnover

Background: Mucuna pruriens Linn. (DC) seeds are natural popular remedy, clinically used for the management of Parkinson’s disease. Depression is most common non-motor symptom associated with Parkinsonism. Present study evaluates effect of bioactive constituents of the M. pruriens seeds in experimental models of depression associated with Parkinsonism. Methods and Findings: Effect of 14 days treatment of isolated levodopa (ILD), alkaloid fraction (AF) and amino acid fraction (AAF) of the M. pruriens seeds were investigated in the catalepsy test, forced swim test, rotarod test and locomotor activity test after haloperidol challenge in mice. Further, the effects of Riboxetine, Bromocriptine and Fluoxetine were also studied in all these tests. The level of mice brain noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin were assessed after 14 days treatment of all groups of mice. 14 days treatment of ILD (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/ kg, p.o.) AF (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, p.o.) produced significant (P<0.001) reversal of haloperidol induced catalepsy, depression and motor performance along with rise in brain noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin in mice. Reboxetine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) and Bromocriptine (2 mg/kg, i.p.) also showed similar effect except action on serotonin level. However, AAF (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, p.o.) and did not significantly modify haloperidol induced catalepsy, depression and motor performance in mice. Fluoxetine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) also failed to reverse any effect of haloperidol in experimental models except it was potentiated haloperidol induced catalepsy in mice. AAF and Fluoxetine caused significant (P<0.001) reversal of haloperidol induced decrease in brain serotonin without modification of noradrenaline and dopamine level in mice. Conclusion: The behavioral and biochemical results of the present study indicate that ILD and AF of M. pruriens seeds have noradrenergic, dopaminergic and serotonergic system mediated protective action in experimental models of depression associated with Parkinsonism. Further clinical study requires to validating these findings. In addition, this study also provides evidence of protective action of Bromocriptine and Reboxetine. This study also confirms controversy action of an antidepressant fluoxetine in cataleptic depression

കണ്ടൽക്കാടുകളിലെ ജന്തുജാല വൈവിധ്യം

കണ്ടൽക്കാടുകളിലെ ജന്തുജാല വൈവിധ്യ

Analysis of User’s Opinion using Deep Neural Network Techniques

Through many research and discoveries it has been widely accepted that aspect-level sentiment classification is achieved effectively by using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network combined with attention mechanism and memory module. As existing approaches widely depend on the modeling of semantic relatedness of an aspect, at the same time we ignore their syntactic dependencies which are already a part of that sentence. This will result in undesirably an aspect on textual words that are descriptive of other aspects. So, in this paper, to offer syntax free contexts as well as they should be aspect specific, so we propose a proximity-weighted convolution network. To be more precise, we have one way of determining proximity weight which is dependency proximity. The construction of the model includes bidirectional LSTM architecture along with a proximity-weighted convolution neural network

Analysis of User’s Opinion using Deep Neural Network Techniques

Through many research and discoveries it has been widely accepted that aspect-level sentiment classification is achieved effectively by using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network combined with attention mechanism and memory module. As existing approaches widely depend on the modeling of semantic relatedness of an aspect, at the same time we ignore their syntactic dependencies which are already a part of that sentence. This will result in undesirably an aspect on textual words that are descriptive of other aspects. So, in this paper, to offer syntax free contexts as well as they should be aspect specific, so we propose a proximity-weighted convolution network. To be more precise, we have one way of determining proximity weight which is dependency proximity. The construction of the model includes bidirectional LSTM architecture along with a proximity-weighted convolution neural network

Fish biodiversity of Indian Exclusive Economic Zone

Indian fisheries have a long history, starting with Kautilya’s Arthasastra describing fish as a source for consumption and provide evidence that fishery was a well-established industry in India and fish was relished as an article of diet as early as 300 B.C, the ancient Hindus possessed a considerable knowledge of the habit of fishes and the epic on the second pillar of Emperor Ashoka describing the prohibition of consumption of fish during a certain lunar period which can be interpreted as a conservation point of view. Modern scientific studies on Indian fishes could be traced to the initial works done by Linnaeus, Bloch and Schneider, Lacepède, Russell and Hamilton. The mid 1800s contributed much in the history of Indian fish taxonomy since the time of the expeditions was going through. Cuvier and Valenciennes (1828-1849) described 70 nominal species off Puducherry, Skyes (1839), Günther (1860, 1872, 1880) and The Fishes of India by Francis Day (1865-1877) and another book Fauna of British India Series in two volumes (1889) describing 1,418 species are the two most indispensable works on Indian fish taxonomy to date. Alcock (1889, 1890) described 162 species new to science from Indian waters