Immunodetection and localization of nitric oxide synthase in the olfactory center of the terrestrial snail, Helix pomatia

The procerebrum of stylommatophoran snails produces nitric oxide (NO)-modulated oscillatory local field potentials which are considered the basis of olfactory information processing. Although the function of NO is well characterized in the PC, the identification and distribution of NO synthase (NOS) has not known completely. In the present study, applying a mammalian anti-NOS antibody, a 170 kDa molecular weight NOS-like protein was demonstrated in the procerebrum homogenate of Helix pomatia. NOS-like immunolabeling of the globuli cells, the internal and terminal neuropils displayed an identical distribution compared to that of NADPH-diaphorase reactive material, confirming the specificity of immunohistochemistry. The detailed characteristics of the immunostaining (different intensity of the neural perikarya, a gradual appearance in the terminal neuropil and in the axon bundles of the tentacular nerve, as well as an intense, homogeneous distribution of NOS-like immunoreactivity in the internal neuropil) suggest that NOS is expressed constitutively, maintaining a high level of the enzyme in neuropil areas. NOS accumulation in the internal neuropil suggests that NO plays an important role in delivering olfactory signals extrinsic to the procerebrum, and integrating them with other sensory modalities, respectively. Our results are the first, demonstrating unequivocally the presence of NOS and resolving its differential distribution in the Helix procerebrum

Potassium channels in the Helix central nervous system: Preliminary immunohistochemical studies

Distribution of the potassium channel of Kv4.3 type was investigated in the central nervous system (CNS) of Helix pomatia by immunohistochemistry. Immunopositive neurons were found widely distributed in the CNS, present mostly in smaller groups in the different central ganglia but not in the visceral ganglion. Labeled fibers were characteristic for not only the neuropils of all ganglia but also the connective tissue sheath around the CNS and the aorta wall were richly innervated. Western blot analysis revealed a clear identity with the mammalian Kv4.3 subunit, suggesting an evolutionary conserved structure of this channel type. Our preliminary results provide a steady basis for further experiments aiming partly at the identification of other potassium channel types and partly the ultrastructural localization of Kv4.3

Analýza a vysílání streamovaného signálu prostřednictvím digitální kabelové televizní sítě

Vývoj připojení kabelových televizí prošel celosvětově dramatickým vývojem. Na Katedře automatizace, University v Miškolci se skupina pracovníků a studentů zabývá budováním, údržbou a správou Digital Cable Television Head-end a dále vysíláním. S příchodem a rozvojem sítě Internet jako informační superdálnice, zákazníci kabelového připojení a malé firmy stále častěji vyžadovali přístup k rychlému připojení do sítě Internet [1]. Naše cíle zahrnují provedení rozsáhlé analýzy digitálního CATV vysílání a dále nalezení způsobu měření kvality digitálního přenosu a analýzu streamovaného signálu přenášejícího audio, video a data.Broadband cable TV access networks have been going through a dramatic transformation worldwide. At the Department of Automation, University of Miskolc a group of the staff and students have dealt with building, maintenance and managing Digital Cable Television Head-end and broadcasting. With the invention and emergence of the Internet as information superhighway, cable subscribers and small businesses didn’t want to be left behind and were eager for high-speed access. [1]. Our objectives are to get a great insight into the digital CATV broadcasting as well as to obtain a method for measuring of the quality of digital transmission and analyzing Transport Streams containing audio, video and data elements