Constraints in the adoption of Indigenous farming practices

Indigenous farming is a production system, based on renewal of ecological processes and strengthening of ecological functions of farm ecosystem to produce safe, healthy and sustainable food. Indigenous agriculture is being adopted by the farmers of Kolli Hills in centre Tamil Nadu for different reasons. However, a lot of constraints prevent the farmers in adopting indigenous farming practices, that include poor yield, poor marketing facilities, higher production cost and urbanizatio

M. Mettha's contribution to Pudukavithai

The origins of Tamil Puthukavithai can be traced back to the poet Bharathiyar. It was his verse poem 'Kaatchi' that gave rise to the poetic form of "Pudukavithai". The name Pudukavithai came into vogue in the 60s. Prior to that, its’ attempt to give free form to poetic form without being bound by Yaaapu methods was called "Vasanakavithai". Vallikannan later mentions, it had to bear names like "Yaapillaa Kavithai" "Ilagu Kavithai" Kattiladanga Kavithai". Mettha’s books have attracted the hearts of the youth and have created a new record and history in book sales. Mettha's poems include politics, literature and art. His poems has good ideas. Themes of his poetry have been taken in Tamil short stories, novels and movies. M. Mettha, who combined the old and the new in metaphors has used simple rhetoric, simple style, high imagination and thus captured the people’s hearts. He wrote many good short stories that express the sense of community. In the Golden Jubilee of Aanantha Vikatan (a Tamil language weekly magazine) his historical novel ‘Chola Nila’ won the prize in the competition. Despite working as a college professor, he is constantly engaged in writing too. Mettha's poems have the pride of making thousands of young poets to follow him, his poems concentrate on tapping the senses of readers, used simple rhetoric, natural style and its charm attracts the youth

Controllability of Sobolev-type semilinear integrodifferential systems in Banach spaces

AbstractSufficient conditions for controllability of Sobolev-type semilinear integrodifferential systems in a Banach space are established. The results are obtained by using the Schaefer fixed-point theorem

A rare case of iii cranial nerve palsy - mucormycosis involving the right maxillary and ethmoidal sinus

IIIrd Cranial nerve palsy, known as oculomotor nerve palsy, may result from various causes, however, the etiology remains unknown in some instances. This case report aims to present the authors' experience with a case of IIIrd cranial nerve palsy, together with a review of the literature. Many etiologies have been associated with isolated oculomotor nerve palsies. We report the case of a patient who presented with right maxillary and ethmoidal sinusitis with IIIrd cranial nerve palsy associated with mucormycosis. Careful examinations to rule out other causes must be done and then treatment with antifungals should be considered after early diagnosis

Low Complexity Multiplier-less Modified FRM Filter Bank using MPGBP Algorithm

The design of a low complexity multiplier-less narrow transition band filter bank for the channelizer of multi-standard software-defined radio (SDR) is investigated in this paper. To accomplish this, the modal filter and complementary filter in the upper and lower branches of the conventional Frequency Response Masking (FRM) architecture are replaced with two power-complementary and linear phase filter banks. Secondly, a new masking strategy is proposed to fully exploit the potential of the numerous spectra replicas produced by the interpolation of the modal filter, which was previously ignored in the existing FRM design. In this scheme, the two masking filters are appropriately modulated and alternately masked over the spectra replicas from 0 to 2$\pi$, to generate even and odd channels. This Alternate Masking Scheme (AMS) increases the potency of the Modified FRM (ModFRM) architecture for the design of a computationally efficient narrow transition band uniform filter bank (termed as ModFRM-FB). Finally, by combining the adjoining ModFRM-FB channels, Non-Uniform ModFRM-FB (NUModFRM-FB) for extracting different communication standards in the SDR channelizer is created. To reduce the total power consumption of the architecture, the coefficients of the proposed system are made multiplier-less using the Matching Pursuits Generalized Bit-Planes (MPGBP) algorithm. In this method, filter coefficients are successively approximated using a dictionary of vectors to give a sum-of-power-of-two (SOPOT) representation. In comparison to all other general optimization techniques, such as genetic algorithms, the suggested design method stands out for its ease of implementation, requiring no sophisticated optimization or exhaustive search schemes. Another notable feature of the suggested approach is that, in comparison to existing methods, the design time for approximation has been greatly reduced. To further bring down the complexity, adders are reused in recurrent SOPOT terms using the Common Sub-expression Elimination (CSE) technique without compromising the filter performance

A novel algorithm of MGWO-based PI controller for a single-stage grid-connected flyback inverter with ZVS

An effective approach on zero-voltage switching scheme for a single-stage grid-connected flyback inverter along with the introduction of Modified Grey Wolf Optimizer technique based on the proportional integral controller is proposed. A focus on soft-switching is attained by means of permitting the grid-side negative current along the bidirectional switches held in the transformer’s secondary side. Consequently, there is a discharge of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor’s output capacitor. This function led the primary switch to turn ON at the condition of zero voltage. Therefore, it is essential to optimize the reactive current level for attaining zero-voltage switching. Generally, the basic Grey Wolf Optimization has some more disadvantages of accuracy-solving and less capability of finding the fitness solutions. Hence, to overcome this, optimizer can be modified for further enhancement in the optimization process. Modified Grey Wolf Optimizer based on the proportional integral controller with pulse width modulation technique is used for controlling the switches; thereby zero-voltage switching triggering takes place which results in decreased total harmonic distortion. Finally, the simulations can be carried out based on the total harmonic distortion which helps to illustrate the effectiveness of the suggested algorithm. A 24-V, 325-W prototype has been carried out to verify the proposed system

Low Complexity Multiplier-less Modified FRM Filter Bank using MPGBP Algorithm

The design of a low complexity multiplier-less narrow transition band filter bank for the channelizer of multi-standard software-defined radio (SDR) is investigated in this paper. To accomplish this, the modal filter and complementary filter in the upper and lower branches of the conventional Frequency Response Masking (FRM) architecture are replaced with two power-complementary and linear phase filter banks. Secondly, a new masking strategy is proposed to fully exploit the potential of the numerous spectra replicas produced by the interpolation of the modal filter, which was previously ignored in the existing FRM design. In this scheme, the two masking filters are appropriately modulated and alternately masked over the spectra replicas from 0 to 2$\pi$, to generate even and odd channels. This Alternate Masking Scheme (AMS) increases the potency of the Modified FRM (ModFRM) architecture for the design of a computationally efficient narrow transition band uniform filter bank (termed as ModFRM-FB). Finally, by combining the adjoining ModFRM-FB channels, Non-Uniform ModFRM-FB (NUModFRM-FB) for extracting different communication standards in the SDR channelizer is created. To reduce the total power consumption of the architecture, the coefficients of the proposed system are made multiplier-less using the Matching Pursuits Generalized Bit-Planes (MPGBP) algorithm. In this method, filter coefficients are successively approximated using a dictionary of vectors to give a sum-of-power-of-two (SOPOT) representation. In comparison to all other general optimization techniques, such as genetic algorithms, the suggested design method stands out for its ease of implementation, requiring no sophisticated optimization or exhaustive search schemes. Another notable feature of the suggested approach is that, in comparison to existing methods, the design time for approximation has been greatly reduced. To further bring down the complexity, adders are reused in recurrent SOPOT terms using the Common Sub-expression Elimination (CSE) technique without compromising the filter performance

Design, Modeling and Performance Investigation of GC PVGS

This paper proposes a new topology for the power injection system that is based on the parallel association of two voltage source inverters: one is operated using a quasi-square voltage waveform strategy and the other operates with a PWM based strategy. The aim of this topology is that the quasi-square inverter injects the power from the photovoltaic generation system and the PWM inverter controls the current quality. The proposal optimizes the system design, permitting reduction of system losses and an increase of the energy injected into the grid. Keywords: quasi square wave inverter, pulse width Modulation inverter, photo voltaic power system, modulation Index (M)