4,015 research outputs found
Charged lepton-nucleus inelastic scattering at high energies
The composite model is constructed to describe inelastic high-energy
scattering of muons and taus in standard rock. It involves photonuclear
interactions at low as well as moderate processes and the deep
inelastic scattering (DIS). In the DIS region the neutral current contribution
is taken into consideration. Approximation formulas both for the muons and tau
energy loss in standard rock are presented for wide energy range.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures. Presented at 19th European Cosmic Ray Symposium
(ECRS 2004), Florence, Italy, 30 Aug - 3 Sep 2004. Submitted to
Int.J.Mod.Phys.
Extraction of Neutrino Flux with the Low Method at MiniBooNE Energies
We describe the application of the `low-' method to the extraction of
the neutrino flux at MiniBooNE energies. As an example, we extract the relative
energy dependence of the flux from published MiniBooNE quasielastic scattering
cross sections with GeV and GeV (here is the
energy transfer to the target). We find that the flux extracted from the
`low-' cross sections is consistent with the nominal flux used by
MiniBooNE. We fit the MiniBooNE cross sections over the entire kinematic range
to various parametrizations of the axial form factor. We find that if the
overall normalization of the fit is allowed to float within the normalization
errors, the extracted values of the axial vector mass are independent of the
flux. Within the Fermi gas model, the distribution of the MiniBooNE data
is described by a standard dipole form factor with GeV. If
nuclear transverse enhancement in the vector form factors is accounted for, the
data are best fit with a modified dipole form factor with
GeV.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures, (presented by A. Bodek at CIPANP 2012, St.
Petersburg, FL, June 2012, and at NuFact 2012, Williamsburg, VA, July 2012
Axial, induced pseudoscalar, and pion-nucleon form factors in manifestly Lorentz-invariant chiral perturbation theory
We calculate the nucleon form factors G_A and G_P of the isovector
axial-vector current and the pion-nucleon form factor G_piN in manifestly
Lorentz-invariant baryon chiral perturbation theory up to and including order
O(p^4). In addition to the standard treatment including the nucleon and pions,
we also consider the axial-vector meson a_1 as an explicit degree of freedom.
This is achieved by using the reformulated infrared renormalization scheme. We
find that the inclusion of the axial-vector meson effectively results in one
additional low-energy coupling constant that we determine by a fit to the data
for G_A. The inclusion of the axial-vector meson results in an improved
description of the experimental data for G_A, while the contribution to G_P is
small.Comment: 21 pages, 9 figures, REVTeX
Neutrino-nucleon cross sections at energies of Megaton-scale detectors
An updated set of (anti)neutrino-nucleon charged and neutral current cross
sections at is presented.
These cross sections are of particular interest for the detector optimization
and data processing and interpretation in the future Megaton-scale experiments
like PINGU, ORCA, and Hyper-Kamiokande. Finite masses of charged leptons and
target mass corrections in exclusive and deep inelastic
interactions are taken into account. A new set of QCD NNLO parton density
functions, the ABMP15, is used for calculation of the DIS cross sections. The
sensitivity of the cross sections to phenomenological parameters and to
extrapolations of the nucleon structure functions to small and is
studied. An agreement within the uncertainties of our calculations with
experimental data is demonstrated.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted for the VLVnT-2015 Conference
proceedings, will be published on EPJ Web of Conference
Environmental hazards of lithium batteries
If batteries are disposed correctly by transferring them to disposal facilities, a significant reducing of harmful substances ingress into the soil will be achieved. Developing two directions is reasonable: modernization of recycling technologies as well as production technology. Thanks to the cutting-edge technologies zero emission of harmful components can be achieved. If manufacturers focuse on invention of more effective technologies that will have the effect of preserving, the risks of harm to the environment are going to be reduced. The invention of a new type of battery can revolutionize not only the automotive industry but also the field of mobile electronics
A 15-Kiloparsec X-Ray Disk in the Elliptical Galaxy NGC 1700
We present Chandra observations of the young elliptical galaxy NGC 1700. The
X-ray isophotes are highly flattened between semimajor axes of 30 and 80
arcseconds, reaching a maximum ellipticity of approximately 0.65 at 60 arcsec
(15 kpc). The surface brightness profile in the spectrally soft, flattened
region is shallower than that of the starlight, indicating that the emission
comes from hot gas rather than stellar sources. The flattening is so extreme
that the gas cannot be in hydrostatic equilibrium in any plausible potential. A
likely alternative is that the gas has significant rotational support. A simple
model, representing isothermal gas distributed about a particular angular
momentum, can reproduce the X-ray morphology while staying consistent with
stellar kinematics. The specific angular momentum of the gas matches that of
the stars in the most isophotally distorted outer part of the galaxy, and its
cooling time matches the time since the last major merger. We infer that the
gas was acquired in that merger, which involved a pre-existing elliptical
galaxy with a hot ISM. The hot gas carried the angular momentum of the
encounter, and has since gradually settled into a rotationally flattened,
cooling disk.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures, AASTeX 5.0. Accepted for publication in The
Astrophysical Journa
Protecting the Baryon Asymmetry with Thermal Masses
We consider the evolution of baryon number in the early universe under
the influence of rapid sphaleron interactions and show that will remain
nonzero at all times even in the case of . This result arises due to
thermal Yukawa interactions that cause nonidentical dispersion relations
(thermal masses) for different lepton families. We point out the relevance of
our result to the Affleck-Dine type baryogenesis.Comment: 11pp., plain tex, UMN-TH-1248/94, CfPA-TH-94-1
Comments on ``A note on first-order formalism and odd-derivative actions'' by S. Deser
We argue that the obstacles to having a first-order formalism for
odd-derivative actions presented in a pedagogical note by Deser are based on
examples which are not first-order forms of the original actions. The general
derivation of an equivalent first-order form of the original second-order
action is illustrated using the example of topologically massive
electrodynamics (TME). The correct first-order formulations of the TME model
keep intact the gauge invariance presented in its second-order form
demonstrating that the gauge invariance is not lost in the Ostrogradsky
process.Comment: 6 pages, references are adde
Peculiarities of the Canonical Analysis of the First Order Form of the Einstein-Hilbert Action in Two Dimensions in Terms of the Metric Tensor or the Metric Density
The peculiarities of doing a canonical analysis of the first order
formulation of the Einstein-Hilbert action in terms of either the metric tensor
or the metric density along with the affine connection are discussed. It is shown that the
difference between using as opposed to
appears only in two spacetime dimensions. Despite there being a different
number of constraints in these two approaches, both formulations result in
there being a local Poisson brackets algebra of constraints with field
independent structure constants, closed off shell generators of gauge
transformations and off shell invariance of the action. The formulation in
terms of the metric tensor is analyzed in detail and compared with earlier
results obtained using the metric density. The gauge transformations, obtained
from the full set of first class constraints, are different from a
diffeomorphism transformation in both cases.Comment: 13 page
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