Assimilation of disaccharides by some fungi causing "leaf spot" diseases

Phyllosticta cycadina, P. artocarpina and Pestalotia mangiferoe were isolated from the leaf spot diseases of Cycas revoluta, Artocarpus heterophyllus and Mangifera indica respectively. A detailed study of the assimilation of sucrose, maltose and lactose by these organisms was undertaken. Sucrose and maltose were assimilated through a hydrolytic pathway. Pestalotia mangiferoe utilized both glucose and fructose simultaneously, but the two species of Phyllosticta behaved differently and consumed glucose three days before the other hydrolytic product of sucrose (viz., fructose). Synthesis of an oligosaccharide (maltotriose) was recorded during the assimilation of maltose. Lactose was used through a non-hydrolytic pathway and was found to be a poor source but a mixture of its hydrolytic products supported good growth

A note on the perfect stage of Phyllosticta cycadina (pass)

This article does not have an abstract

A new pathogenic species of genus Curvularia

This article does not have an abstract

Phyllosticta cycadina (passer) on Cycas revoluta

This article does not have an abstract

A new species of Peyronellaea goid

This article does not have an abstract

Pathological studies of Pestalotia mangiferae

Pestalotia mangiferæ has been observed on leaves of Mangiferœ indica at Allahabad and Madras. The pathogenicity of this organism has been established on leaves, stem and fruits of mango and symptoms have been described. Cross-inoculations on Psidium gujava, Mimusops hexandra, Butea frondosa, Eucalyptus sp. and Citrus sp. were unsuccessful. Storage of fruits at temperatures below 8°C. prevented fruit rot. Dusting the leaves with zinc sulphate controlled the disease but similar dustings on fruits failed to control the rot

Hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile-associated disease in the intensive care unit setting: epidemiology, clinical course and outcome

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Clostridium difficile</it>-associated disease (CDAD) is a serious nosocomial infection, however few studies have assessed CDAD outcome in the intensive care unit (ICU). We evaluated the epidemiology, clinical course and outcome of hospital-acquired CDAD in the critical care setting.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We performed a historical cohort study on 58 adults with a positive <it>C. difficile </it>cytotoxin assay result occurring in intensive care units.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Sixty-two percent of patients had concurrent infections, 50% of which were bloodstream infections. The most frequently prescribed antimicrobials prior to CDAD were anti-anaerobic agents (60.3%). Septic shock occurred in 32.8% of CDAD patients. The in-hospital mortality was 27.6%. Univariate analysis revealed that SOFA score, at least one organ failure and age were predictors of mortality. Charlson score ≥3, gender, concurrent infection, and number of days with diarrhea before a positive <it>C. difficile </it>toxin assay were not significant predictors of mortality on univariate analysis. Independent predictors for death were SOFA score at infection onset (per 1-point increment, OR 1.40; CI95 1.13–1.75) and age (per 1-year increment, OR 1.10; CI95 1.02–1.19).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In ICU patients with CDAD, advanced age and increased severity of illness at the onset of infection, as measured by the SOFA score, are independent predictors of death.</p

Israel and a sports boycott: Antisemitic? Anti-Zionist?

The paper identifies and summarises the debates that surround the place of Israel in international sport and assesses how that place is increasingly being contested. The long-standing conflict between Israel and Palestine has begun to manifest in the world of sport with the paper sketching the debates of those calling for, and those opposed to, sport sanctions/boycott of Israel until the ‘Palestinian Question’ is resolved. Five related tasks are addressed: first, to summarise the call for sanctions/boycott emanating from the Boycott, Disinvestment and Sanctions movement. Second, to explore how this call is establishing itself in the world of sport. The responses of those opposed to any form of sanction/boycott are then considered. The confusion that surrounds the term antisemitism is addressed and the relationship between (anti-) Zionism and antisemitism unpacked. The discussion concludes with an assessment of the claim made by the Israeli state, and its supporters, that any action against the country’s participation in international sport would be an act of antisemitism. Offering a timely, integrated summary of the heated debates that surround the Israel/Palestine conflict, the paper contributes to a wider discussion on the relationship between sport and politics