94 research outputs found
5,7-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,4-diazepin-4-ium picrate
In the cation of the title compound, C7H13N2
+·C6H2N3O7
â, the seven-membered 1,4-diazepine ring forms a twist chair conformation. The two o-nitro groups in the anion are twisted by 35.0â
(7) and 36.0â
(9)° from the benzene ring. In the crystal, NâHâŻO hydrogen bonds between the cation and anion along with weak CâHâŻO hydrogen bonds produce chains along the b axis. CâHâŻO hydrogen bonds connecting the chains are also present
(2E)-3-(3-BromoÂphenÂyl)-1-(4-chloroÂphenÂyl)prop-2-en-1-one: a non-merohedral twin
In the title compound, C15H10BrClO, the molÂecule adopts an E configuration with respect to the C=C double bond and the dihedral angle between the aromatic ring planes is 3.98â
(16)°. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of CâHâŻO bonds are seen and weak ÏâÏ stacking [centroidâcentroid separation = 3.8776â
(19)â
Ă
] may further consolidate the structure. The crystal studied was a non-merohedral twin with a ratio of the twin components of 0.9093â
(13):0.0907â
(13). The twin operation is a twofold rotation around c*
2-Amino-4-methÂoxy-6-methylÂpyrimidin-1-ium picrate
In the title salt, C6H10N3O+·C6H2N3O7
â, the dihedral angle between the mean planes of the benzene and pyridine rings is 3.1â
(1)°. In the cation, the methÂoxy group is almost coplanar with the pyridine ring [CâOâCâN = â0.6â
(2)°]. The p-nitro [CâCâNâO = â1.17â
(19)°] and one o-nitro [CâCâNâO = 1.83â
(19)°] group in the anion are essentially coplanar with the benzene ring. The other disordered o-nitro group containing the major occupancy [0.868â
(6)] O atom is twisted â29.0â
(2)° from the mean plane of the benzene ring. A bifurcated NâHâŻ(O.O) hydrogen bond and weak CâHâŻO intermolecular interÂaction between the cation and anion produce a network of infinite OâHâŻOâHâŻOâH chains along the c axis in the [101] plane which helps to establish crystal packing. Comparison to a DFT computational calculation indicates that significant conformational changes occur in the free state
2-AminoÂpyrimidinium picrate
The geometric parameters of the title compound, C4H6N3
+·C6H2N3O7
â, are in the usual ranges. While two nitro groups are almost coplanar with the aromatic picrate ring [dihedral angles 3.0â
(2) and 4.4â
(3)°], the third is significantly twisted out of this plane [dihedral angle 46.47â
(8)°]. Anions and cations are connected via NâHâŻO hydrogen bonds. The molÂecules crystallize in planes parallel to (11)
(E)-1-(4-BromoÂphenÂyl)-3-(2-methÂoxyÂphenÂyl)prop-2-en-1-one
In the title compound, C16H13BrO2, the dihedral angle between the mean planes of the methÂoxy- and bromo-substituted benzene rings is 24.6â
(1)°. The angles between the mean plane of the prop-2-en-1-one group and the 4-bromoÂphenyl and 2-methÂoxyÂphenyl ring planes are 18.8â
(1) and 6.0â
(1)°, respectively
(2E)-1-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(2-bromoÂphenÂyl)prop-2-en-1-one
The molÂecule of the title compound, C16H11BrO3, is essentially planar with a maximum deviation of 0.178â
(4)â
Ă
and the configuration of the keto group with respect to the olefinic double bond is typically s-cis. In the crystal structure, interÂmolecular BrâŻO interÂactions [3.187â
(3)Ă
] give rise to chains parallel to the b axis. Adjacent chains are further linked along the a axis by CâHâŻÏ interÂactions. The crystal studied was a racemic twin with a 0.595â
(13):0.405â
(13) ratio
Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study
Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised
Effect of surgical experience and spine subspecialty on the reliability of the {AO} Spine Upper Cervical Injury Classification System
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this paper was to determine the interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility of the AO Spine Upper Cervical Injury Classification System based on surgeon experience (< 5 years, 5â10 years, 10â20 years, and > 20 years) and surgical subspecialty (orthopedic spine surgery, neurosurgery, and "other" surgery).
METHODS
A total of 11,601 assessments of upper cervical spine injuries were evaluated based on the AO Spine Upper Cervical Injury Classification System. Reliability and reproducibility scores were obtained twice, with a 3-week time interval. Descriptive statistics were utilized to examine the percentage of accurately classified injuries, and Pearsonâs chi-square or Fisherâs exact test was used to screen for potentially relevant differences between study participants. Kappa coefficients (Îș) determined the interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility.
RESULTS
The intraobserver reproducibility was substantial for surgeon experience level (< 5 years: 0.74 vs 5â10 years: 0.69 vs 10â20 years: 0.69 vs > 20 years: 0.70) and surgical subspecialty (orthopedic spine: 0.71 vs neurosurgery: 0.69 vs other: 0.68). Furthermore, the interobserver reliability was substantial for all surgical experience groups on assessment 1 (< 5 years: 0.67 vs 5â10 years: 0.62 vs 10â20 years: 0.61 vs > 20 years: 0.62), and only surgeons with > 20 years of experience did not have substantial reliability on assessment 2 (< 5 years: 0.62 vs 5â10 years: 0.61 vs 10â20 years: 0.61 vs > 20 years: 0.59). Orthopedic spine surgeons and neurosurgeons had substantial intraobserver reproducibility on both assessment 1 (0.64 vs 0.63) and assessment 2 (0.62 vs 0.63), while other surgeons had moderate reliability on assessment 1 (0.43) and fair reliability on assessment 2 (0.36).
CONCLUSIONS
The international reliability and reproducibility scores for the AO Spine Upper Cervical Injury Classification System demonstrated substantial intraobserver reproducibility and interobserver reliability regardless of surgical experience and spine subspecialty. These results support the global application of this classification system
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