Ecopyschological Concerns in Select Works of Indian Women Writers in English

Nature and human race have, always, shared kinship which is reflected in the works of Indian writers and more especially in Indian women writers. It is the environment that fosters human attitudes in the natural writing. Right from the beginning, nature has been the perennial source of life and energy for human race and plant kingdom. In this context Eco psychology studies the relationship between human beings and the natural world through ecological and psychological principles. It is based on the idea that human have an in-built connection to the natural environment. It seeks to help people to explore this connection and restore the bond where it may have been broken. The field seeks to develop and understand ways of expanding the emotional connection between individuals and the natural world, thereby assisting individuals with sustainable lifestyles and remedying alienation from nature. The term Eco psychology was coined by Theodore Roszak in 1992 in his book The Voice of the Earth. The term is also known by other names which include Gaia psychology, psychoecology, ecotherapy, environmental psychology, green psychology, global therapy, green therapy, Earth -centered therapy, ecosophy and sylvan therapy. Ecopsychology explores how to develop emotional bonds with nature. It considers this to be worthwhile because when nature is explored and viewed without judgment, it gives the sensations of harmony, balance, timelessness and stability. Ecopsychologists have begun detecting unspoken grief within individuals, an escalation of pain and despair, felt in response to widespread environmental destruction. It also believes that without the influence of nature, humans are prone to variety of delusions

SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF LOPERAMIDE HYDROCHLORIDE AND TINIDAZOLE IN BULK AND FORMULATIONS BY REVERSE PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

Objective: A new, rapid, selective, precise, accurate and economical, isocratic, reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography method has been developed for simultaneous estimation of loperamide hydrochloride and tinidazole in bulk and in tablet formulations.Methods: The separation was achieved by using Lithosphere RP C-18, (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 µm) end capped column with a mobile phase containing sodium-1-octane sulfonate buffer: methanol: acetonitrile (40:30:30%v/v/v) pH adjusted to 4.0 (using dilute orthophosphoric acid). The flow rate was 1.0 ml/m and column effluent was monitored at 224 nm. The method was validated as per international conference on chemical harmonization (ICH) guidelines.Results: Tinidazole and loperamide hydrochloride were eluted at about 3.1 and 5.4 min respectively, indicating the shorter analysis time. The proposed method was found to be accurate, precise and reproducible. The linearity was established in the concentration range of 10-50 µg/ml. Limit of detection (LOD) and Limit of quantification (LOQ) was found to be 0.001 µg/ml and 0.003 µg/ml for loperamide hydrochloride and 0.01 µg/ml and 0.03 µg/ml for tinidazole.Conclusion: This method can be used for routine analysis of formulations containing any of the above drugs or combinations without any alteration in the chromatographic conditions

Ferry Route Design with MAC Protocol in Delay Tolerant Networks

Delay Tolerant Networks(DTNs) are occasionally connected networks. They have high latency, long queuing time, limited resources and intermittent connectivity, which are different from traditional networks. They have been proposed to cope with challenges of communication in some extreme or special environments. Due to uncertainty of node mobility, application traffic demand and other factors, it is difficult to provide performance guarantee for a DTN where all nodes move arbitrarily. With controlled mobility, message ferry can be utilized to guarantee the network performance. MAC protocols developed for duty-cycled networks such as B-MAC,S-MAC, employ an extended preamble introduces X-MAC employs shortened preamble approach that retains the advantages of low power listening, namely low power communication, simplicity and a decoupling of transmitter and receiver schedules. Demonstrate through implementation and evaluation that xmac?s shortened preamble approach significantly reduces energy usage at both transmitter and receiver, reduces per-hop latency

Medicinal Plants the Key Bio-Adsorbents for Anionic Surfactant (SDS) From Waste Water

The pollutant binding capacity of seeds of Embelia ribes, Celastrus paniculatus was investigated in a batch system under varying conditions. The results indicate that sorption equilibrium was established in about 60 minutes. The anionic surfactant sorption is highly dependent on pH and maximum removal was observed at pH 2 - 6. It was also observed that sorption of surfactant decreases with increase in temperature. The experimental results were analyzed in terms of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The Freundlich isotherm model fitted well to data with 0.94 regression co-efficient (R2). Evaluation of experimental data in terms of biosorption kinetics showed that the biosorption of surfactant on both the biomass followed pseudo-first order kinetics. The results showed that biosorbent are an attractive low cost alternative for the treatment of wastewaters containing lower concentrations of anionic surfactant

Screening of in vitro derived mutants of banana against nematodes

Investigations were carried out to screen the in vitro derived mutants of banana cv. Robusta (Caveidish- AAA) and Rasthali (Silk- AAB) by using certain bio-chemical parameters including some enzyme activities. The mutants tested were Ro Im V4 6-1-1, Ro Im V4 6-1-2, Ro Im V4 6-2-1, Si Im V4 10-5-3, Si Im V4 4 6-2-5 along with respective susceptible checks (Robusta and Rasthali), tolerant check (Anaikomban- AA) and resistant check (Pisang Lilin- AA). Various biochemical assays used were total phenol, tannin content, lignin content, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, phenyl alanine ammonia lyase and ascorbic acid oxidase. The results revealed that the mutants namely Ro Im V4 6-1-1 and Si Im V4 10-5-3 were found to be resistant while the mutant Ro Im V4 6-2-1 was moderately resistant. The rest of the mutants namely Ro Im V4 6-1-2 and Si Im V4 6-2-5 were found to be susceptible to nematodes. The resistant and moderately resistant mutants of banana could be further used in breeding programmes as well as being recognized as potential cultivars of commerce.Key words: Banana, nematode, resistance, biochemical parameters, enzymes, screening

Ispaghula Husk-Based Extended Release Tablets of Diclofenac Sodium: Formulation, Evaluation and In vitro Release Studies

Purpose: To formulate extended-release tablets of diclofenac sodium based on ispaghula huskMethods: Tablets with varying proportions of diclofenac sodium and ispaghula husk were formulated by wet granulation technique at a fixed compression force of 10 kN. The formulated tablets were evaluated for physicochemical parameters as well as by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and x-ray diffraction (XRD).Results: Content uniformity, weight variation, thickness and friability of the formulated tablets were within acceptable limits. The hardness of the tablet decreased from 5.4 to 4.2 kg/cm2 with increasing quantity of ispaghula husk in the formulation. In contrast, disintegration time increased from 12 to 70 min with increasing amount of husk. Tablets formulated with 1:0.25 and 1:0.5 drug/husk ratio failed to extend drug release whereas tablets prepared with 1:0.75 and 1:1 ratio extended release up to 5 and 6 h, respectively. FTIR, DSC and XRD analysis of tablets revealed the absence of diclofenac–ispaghula interaction and crystalline nature of diclofenac sodium. Drug release data fitted well with Korsmeyar-Peppas and the n value of 0.98 indicate non-Fickian diffusion. The tablets were stable on storage and retained its physicochemical properties within acceptable limits.Conclusion: The results indicate the possibility of formulating extended-release tablets based on ispaghula husk. The tablets were stable during storage and free from drug-excipient interactions. However further studies are required to ascertain the safety of the husk and to optimize the release properties of the tablets.Keywords: Ispaghula husk, Extended release tablet, Diclofenac sodium, Release kinetics

JSP Custom Tag Library for In-Place Editing in Disconnected Architecture – A Case Study

Even a trivial web application involves some sort of database functionality with few basic operations. However, such applications reveal a lot of code repetition. To avoid such a scenario, various techniques have been proposed in literature for reusability of code. One such technique is implementing custom tag library. Many frameworks rely on their own proprietary tag libraries for compacting the code. For example, struts framework abundantly uses HTML tag library, Beans tag library and Logic Tag library. JSF frame work utilizes core tag library. Connected architecture suffers from severe limitations and has become obsolete in web applications where no. of users and hence no. of database connections is not predetermined. In such a scenario connected architecture becomes predominant and scores well on its connected counterpart. In order to cater this need of a typical web application, in this paper, authors have presented JSP tag libraries for in-place editing in disconnected architecture. The tag currently works with MS-Access, MySQL and Oracle and can easily be extended to incorporate other back ends. Current work reveals encapsulation basics targeting the elimination of boilerplate code where lot of repeated code is hidden behind custom tags. Such a mechanism boils down to the entire database operations to one liner when tag attributes conceal the plethora of information involved in implementation of functionality. This paper emphasizes on development of a generic tag for disparate back ends. The database extensions are properly taken care of. The proper data type casting is performed by pulling out database schema information from the underlying DBMS. The communication between Tag Handler class and JSP page is established through PageContext class. The name of JSP page becomes available to the Tag Handler class through PageContext class which can also be used for retrieving query string parameters in a Tag Handler class. Keywords-Disconnected Architecture, JDOM Parser, PageContext Class, Tag Handler Class, TagLib Directive, XML