Metastable States and Leakage in PN Junction Diodes

The low-temperature annealing kinetics of ion implanted silicon is a critical factor worthy of consideration when thin film crystalline silicon is processed on a low temperature substrate. Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy, Thermally Stimulated Current and Current-Voltage characteristics suggest that competition between Solid Phase Epitaxial Regrowth and dislocation loop formation is a critical factor in silicon implanted with P31 ions and annealed at temperatures ranging from 525°C to 65O°C. Solid Phase Epitaxy dominates the kinetics of fully amorphized samples annealed at 525°C, where shallow-level trap states dominate the reversed-bias leakage current of diodes. At low implanted doses (where the substrate is not completely amorphized) and at 65O°C, dislocation loop nucleation and growth seems to dominate annealing kinetics, resulting in the formation of a deep-level trap at .528 eV

Acceptance and commitment therapy delivered in a dyad after a severe traumatic brain injury: a feasibility study

Objective: There is a high prevalence of complex psychological distress after a traumatic brain injury but limited evidence of effective interventions. We examined the feasibility of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy after a severe traumatic brain injury using the criteria, investigating a therapeutic effect, and reviewing the acceptability of measures, treatment protocol, and delivery method (in a dyad of two clients and a therapist). Method: Two male outpatients with severe traumatic brain injury and associated psychological distress jointly engaged in a seven session treatment program based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy principles. Pre- and post-treatment measures of mood, psychological flexibility, and participation were taken in addition to weekly measures. Results: The intervention showed a therapeutic effect with one participant, and appeared to be acceptable for both participants with regard to program content, measures, and delivery mode by in a dyad. One participant showed both significant clinical and reliable change across several outcome measures including measures of mood and psychological flexibility. The second participant did not show a reduction in psychological inflexibility, but did show a significant drop in negative affect. Significant changes pre- to post-treatment for measures of participation were not indicated. Qualitatively, both participants engaged in committed action set in accordance with their values. Conclusions: This study suggests that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy may be feasible to be delivered in a dyad with individuals who have a severe traumatic brain injury. A further test of its potential efficacy in a phase II clinical trial is recommended

Finite Element Flow Simulations of the EUROLIFT DLR-F11 High Lift Configuration

This paper presents flow simulation results of the EUROLIFT DLR-F11 multi-element wing configuration, obtained with a highly scalable finite element solver, PHASTA. This work was accomplished as a part of the 2nd high lift prediction workshop. In-house meshes were constructed with increasing mesh density for analysis. A solution adaptive approach was used as an alternative and its effectiveness was studied by comparing its results with the ones obtained with other meshes. Comparisons between the numerical solution obtained with unsteady RANS turbulence model and available experimental results are provided for verification and discussion. Based on the observations, future direction for adaptive research and simulations with higher fidelity turbulence models is outlined.Comment: 52nd Aerospace Sciences Meetin

Unravelling Active Galactic Nuclei

A complete flat-spectrum radio-loud sample of AGN includes a significant fraction of Seyfert-like AGN including a NLS1. Analysis of their optical spectra suggests that the reddest continuum colours are either associated with AGN in nearby resolved galaxies, or distant quasars showing relatively narrow permitted emission lines.Comment: Poster contribution presented at the Joint MPE,AIP,ESO workshop on NLS1s, Bad Honnef, Dec. 1999, to appear in New Astronomy Reviews; also available at http://wave.xray.mpe.mpg.de/conferences/nls1-worksho

Cross-country collaboration for physical activity promotion: experiences from the European Union Physical Activity Focal Points Network

Background: An analysis of currently existing partnerships and cross-country collaboration for physical activity (PA) promotion is valuable for understanding how such partnerships operate, and how they impact national PA promotion efforts. This study aimed to outline the formation and development of the European Union's (EU) Physical Activity Focal Points Network, to evaluate its outputs and benefits and to describe its potential and challenges. Methods: A mixed methods approach were employed, including document analysis, semi-structured interviews with key officials and an online evaluation survey with the focal points. Results: The network was founded in 2014. Its main task is to coordinate the national collection of information for the EU's Health-Enhancing Physical Activity (HEPA) Monitoring Framework. Besides collecting data, focal points usually meet twice a year to share best practices and plan activities for the promotion of PA within the EU. The results of the evaluation survey show that participation in the network helped members specify goals for PA promotion, gain more knowledge regarding how to promote PA, identify more opportunities to promote PA in their country and to join a collaborative project with other countries. Conclusions: The study shows that the EU Physical Activity Focal Points Network may serve as an example of successful cross-country collaboration in PA promotion. The network has been able to make a contribution to monitoring the implementation of the EU Council Recommendation on HEPA across sectors in particular and of PA promotion in the EU in general. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association.This research was conducted as part of a project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Health (ZMVI1-2520WHO001 and ZMVI1-2521WHO001). The ministry was neither involved in writing this manuscript nor in the decision to submit the article for publication

Black Hole Mass Estimates of Radio Selected Quasars

The black hole (BH) mass in the centre of AGN has been estimated for a sample of radio-selected flat-spectrum quasars to investigate the relationship between BH mass and radio properties of quasars. We have used the virial assumption with measurements of the H$\beta$ FWHM and luminosity to estimate the central BH mass. In contrast to previous studies we find no correlation between BH mass and radio power in these AGN. We find a range in BH mass similar to that seen in radio-quiet quasars from previous studies. We believe the reason that the low BH mass radio-loud quasars have not been measured in previous studies is due to optical selection effects which tend to miss the less optically luminous radio-loud sources.Comment: 22 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Ap

S02-3 Physical activity policies and good practices in Europe

Background The establishment of the EU physical activity (PA) guidelines and the HEPA monitoring framework has had an impact on policy development and implementation across the region from 2015. This works presents results from the third round of monitoring in 2021 and discusses trends since 2015. Methods A questionnaire was distributed in 2021 to all EU Member States of the WHO European Region through the network of PA Focal Points, who were requested to collect data from national colleagues and complete the questionnaire. All EU Member States (27 in 2021) responded to the survey on the implementation of the 23 indicators of the HEPA monitoring framework. Results The results of the 2021 round of data collection on HEPA indicators showed an overall stabilization of the implementation of PA promotion policies. Besides important increases in several indicators, such as indicators 15 (HEPA in the training of physical education teachers), 20 (Schemes to promote physical activity at the workplace) and 21 (Schemes for community interventions to promote physical activity in older adults), many others decreased and others showed no progress. Most national physical activity policies or action plans were multi-sectoral, with good coverage of the sectors recognized as important for HEPA promotion. While some methodological aspects may have affected the results, this round also reflected policy implementation during the COVID-19 pandemic (2019–2021). COVID-19 has had a significant impact on all sectors of society but especially on health, sports, education and mobility, which are major areas for PA promotion and policy implementation. Conclusions There seems to be an overall stabilization of the implementation of PA promotion policies since 2015. Public health experts and decision makers could utilise the increase in public awareness of the health benefits of physical activity kindled by the COVID-19 crisis to implement new health-promoting policies. Policy design, development and implementation of HEPA promotion must be strengthened for post-COVID-19 social and economic recovery

Monitoring of physical activity promotion in children and adolescents in the EU: Current status and future perspectives

Background: Policy action is required to address physical inactivity in boys and girls. This action can be supported by international data collection, comparisons and sharing of good practices. Thus, this study aims to present and discuss the ongoing monitoring of physical activity (PA) indicators in children and adolescents in the 28 EU Member States. Methods: Data on PA recommendations, PA prevalence, physical education (PE) and PA promotion programs for children and adolescents were provided by governments in a joint EU/WHO survey on the implementation status of the EU Council Recommendation on Health-Enhancing Physical Activity (HEPA) across Sectors. Results: In 23 countries, national recommendations on PA are available. Detailed PA prevalence data among children and adolescents was available in 27 countries, in most cases separately for sex/gender and age groups. The total amount of PE lessons in schools differed greatly between countries and lessons were predominantly mandatory. After-school HEPA promotion programs were mostly implemented in EU Member States (78.6%), followed by active school breaks (57.1%), active travel to school (57.1%) and active breaks during school lessons (53.6%). Conclusions: This study summarizes the monitoring of PA indicators among children and adolescents in all EU Member States by providing a comprehensive overview of the status of PA promotion and monitoring across the region. Based on our findings, it could be concluded that the current EU monitoring system on PA promotion should be adapted to provide evidence that can inform future policy development. © 2021 The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association

A Very Radio-Loud Narrow-Line Seyfert 1: PKS 2004-447

We have discovered a very radio-loud Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 candidate: PKS 2004-447. This Seyfert is consistent with the formal definition for NLS1s, although it does not have quite the same spectral features as some typical members of this subclass. Only ROSAT survey data is available at X-ray wavelengths, so it has not been possible to compare this source with other NLS1s at these wavelengths. A full comparison of this source with other members of the subclass will improve our physical understanding of NLS1s. In addition, using standard calculations, we estimate the central black hole to have a mass of $\sim 5 \times 10^6 M_{\odot}$. This does not agree with predictions in the literature, that radio-loud AGN host very massive black holes.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ, minor typos change

Validation of the Kiswahili version of the SF-36 Health Survey in a representative sample of an urban population in Tanzania

The objective of this study was to assess the validity of a Kiswahili translation of the SF-36 Health Survey (SF-36) among an urban population in Tanzania, using the method of known-groups validation. People were randomly selected from a demographic surveillance system in Dar es Salaam. The representative sample consisted of 3,802 adults (15 years and older). Health status differences were hypothesized among groups, who differed in sex, age, socio-economic status and self-reported morbidity. Mean SF-36 scale scores were calculated and compared using t-test and ANOVA. Women had significantly lower mean SF-36 scale scores (indicating worse health status) than men on all scales and scores were lower for older people than younger on all domains, as hypothesized. On five of the eight SF-36 scales, means were higher for people of higher socio-economic status compared to those of lower socio-economic status. People who reported an illness within the previous 2 weeks scored significantly lower on all scales compared to those who were healthy, as did people who said they had a disability or a chronic conditio