Kontribusi Sektor Pertanian dalam Penyediaan Lapangan Kerja dan Perbandingannya dengan Sektor-sektor Lain

The objective of the study is to assess the performance of labor force bysector. It followed by the comparison among sectors. The study found that: (1) Thelabor force absorption role between 1985-1989, dominated by agricultural sectorwhich was 56.66% of all other sector absorption rate were only 5 – 13%, (2) In theshorterm, the labor force absorption rate of services and agricultural sectors are notas. Persistent as industrial and trade sectors. However, in the long run, theabsorption rate of agricultural sectors are persistently compared to industry andtrade, (3) Agricultural sectors are relatively more stable in the absorption of laborforce compared to other sectors

Interactive IPA Chart to Improve English Pronunciation of ESL Students – An Experimental Study

Achieving goals practically in a reproducible way by applying knowledge is possible using technology. Teaching English is not an exception in applying technology for effective results. In the field of English Language Teaching (ELT), very few teachers focus on teaching English pronunciation. Though this aspect of ELT is rare, it has become a vital aspect of ELT in today’s world due to globalization of English language and enormous use of English in everyday life. The present time can be considered as a golden era for learning as our lives are aided by technology. As we use technology abundantly every day, it is not wrong to use the same for learning. In fact, teaching and learning can be effective when they are aided by technology. Moreover, CALL (Computer Assisted Language Learning) is one of the approaches in ELT, used widely by innovative teachers and learners of English, proved to be an efficient approach than traditional methods of teaching IPA. So, the present work is focused on teaching English pronunciation for ESL students using interactive IPA chart assisted by pre-test, intervention study, and post-test to analyse and attempt to meet the needs of students in learning English pronunciation. In order to check the effectiveness of the use of IPA chart, first, a pre-test was conducted with words focusing the pronunciation of all the 44 sounds of English to analyse the deviation of students’ pronunciation from the Received Pronunciation (RP). Then, based on the outcome of pre-test, an intervention study was conducted to provide the necessary input to address the students’ pronunciation problems. At this stage, students were taught all the 44 sounds of English using interactive IPA chart, so that they can clearly distinguish the differences between the sounds of English and the sounds of their mother-tongue. These subtle differences are often not paid attention due to ignorance, confusion, mispronunciation and mother-tongue influence. After proper leaning is achieved by the students, a post-test was conducted which helped to analyse the improvement in students’ pronunciation. Upon achieving improved performance in students’ pronunciation, it can be clearly concluded that use of interactive IPA chart in teaching English pronunciation for ESL students is one of the innovative ways to teach English pronunciation to the students with effectiveness and ease. This would really help the future teachers of English and students

Risk Factors for the Occurrence of Erosive Esophageal in Patients with Dyspepsia

Background: The prevalence of erosive esophagitis tends to increase recently. It induces higher medical expense, loss of working time, and decreases quality of life. However the study on risk factors of erosive esophagitis scarcely reported in Indonesia. This study aimed to find the association between age, sex, smoking, alcohol drinking, body mass index, hiatal hernia, the use of non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), and drugs that decrease lower esophageal sphincter (LES) tone with the occurrence of erosive esophagitis in dyspeptic patients. Method: A case-control study was conducted on patients with dyspepsia who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy procedure and had been interviewed to determine risk factors for erosive esophagitis in July - September 2008. The association between risk factors and the occurrence of erosive esophagitis were analyzed using Chi-square, which subsequently revealed p < 0.25, this variable included in multivariate analysis. Result: There were 135 patients fulfilled criteria; 45 patients as cases and 90 patients as controls. The association was found between the occurrence of erosive esophagitis in dyspeptic patients and smoking more than 15 cigarette/day (OR 15.43; p = 0.00; CI 95% 4.77-49.88), the use of NSAID (OR 9.49; p = 0.00; CI 95% 2.77-32.53) and the consumption of drugs that decrease LES tone (OR 3.56; p = 0.02; CI 95% 1.26-10.02). Conclusion: Smoking more than 15 cigarettes/day, use of NSAID and drugs that decrease LES tone is a risk factors for the occurrence of erosive esophagitis

MHD Free Convective Flow Past a Hot Vertical Porous Plate

The influence of the magnetic field on the free convective flow of a viscous fluid past a hot vertical porous plate is analysed under the assumptions that the suction velocity which is normal to the porous wall is constant and the wall temperature is spanwise cosinusoidal. The solutions for the velocity, temperature, skin friction and rate of heat transfer have been obtained in dimensionless form by perturbation technique. The effects of different flow parameters appearing in the solutions have been studied on the above flow quantities

Management of Esophageal Foreign Body

Foreign body ingestion is a common clinical problem. Objects such as coin, safety pin, meat bolus, bone, denture, etc. are often ingested. They lodge in certain part of esophagus, which may be asymptomatic or develop some symptoms of esophagus or respiratory tract. Plain radiography is indicated for every patient with a known or suspected foreign body. It may appear as radiopaque or radiolucent images. A number of methods can be used to remove esophageal foreign bodies, including: observation, endoscopy, rigid esophagoscopy, Foley catheter extraction, bougienage and sometimes administration of LES relaxant or surgery. Application of those strategies is selected based on the type and location of foreign bodies. Five cases had been managed by different strategies, i.e. two cases were successfully managed by endoscopy; a case was managed through careful observation; another case was managed by pushing object into stomach using endoscopic approach; and the other case was fail when it was managed by Foley catheter but then it was successfully managed by rigid esophagoscopy at ENT Department. All of cases had been managed without any complication

Evaluasi Kesesuaian Lahan Pertanaman Karet di Afdeling III PTPN VII (Persero) Unit USAha Kedaton

Karet adalah salah satu komoditas perkebunan unggulan Provinsi Lampung yang tersebar hampir diseluruh Kabupten di Provinsi Lampung. Tahun 2010 pertanaman karet di Provinsi Lampung seluas 119.83 ha dengan total produksi 72.240 ton. Untuk mencapai produksi yang maksimal, maka suatu jenis tanaman harus ditanam pada tempat yang sesuai dengan persyaratan tumbuhnya. Dengan evaluasi kesesuaian lahan dapat diketahui kesesuaian suatu wilayah untuk tanaman karet serta kelayakan secara ekonomi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan penilaian kesesuaian lahan kualitatif berdasarkan kriteria Djaenuddin dkk 2000 dan evaluasi kuantitatif adalah analisis finansial dengan menghitung NPV, Net B/C, IRR, dan BEP. Penelitian dilakukan pada lahan pertanaman karet di Field 2005 E PTPN VII (Persero) Unit Usaha Kedaton Way Galih Lampung Selatan pada bulan Agustus 2012. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan metode survey dengan pendekatan evaluasi lahan secara paralel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lahan pertanaman karet di Field 2005 E PTPN VII Unit Usaha Kedaton Way Galih berdasarkan potensi fisik lingkungan termasuk ke dalam kelas kesesuaian lahan cukup sesuai dengan faktor pembatas ketersediaan air dan retensi hara (S2wanr) dan secara finansial layak untuk dilanjutkan dengan nilai NPV = Rp 132.281.885 ha-1, Net B/C = 2,3, IRR = 24,30% thn-1 , dan BEP = 14 tahun 7 bulan 12 hari

Comparative assessment of floristic structure, diversity and regeneration status of tropical rain forests of Western Ghats of Karnataka, India

Tropical forests are one of the richest landscapes in terms of its richness, diversity and endemicity. The present study was carried out in the Central Western Ghats: one of the hottest hotspot of biodiversity. The aim of the study was to compare floristic diversity in tropical wet evergreen forest between northern and southern parts of Western Ghats of Karnataka. Kodagu district in southern part and Uttara Kannada district in northern part was chosen to assess the same, as these two districts cover highest forest cover in the Western Ghats of Karnataka. In each district all the evergreen forests were sampled with 1000 m X 5 belt transacts. Totally 22 such samplings were done both southern and northern part of Western Ghats. In each of these transacts all the trees measuring e” 30 gbh were enumerated and botanically identified to the species level and the same was used for computation of diversity indices. The richness and diversity was comparatively higher in southern part compared to northern part of Western Ghats, where as the richness of threatened tree species was comparatively higher in northern part of Western Ghats. In addition to the species richness and diversity, the paper also deals with the dominant tree species and families in both the region

Primary total knee replacement using dished polyethylene with resected posterior cruciate ligament

Background: The choice between preserving, sacrificing or substituting the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is always a controversial topic in total knee replacement (TKR). Dished polyethylene insert with PCL resection enables correction of the commonly present fixed flexion and varus deformities. Additionally, the risk of premature wear of polyethylene is less because of the confirming articular geometry between the femoral and tibial component.Methods: This is a retrospective study in which we studied 120 knees in 95 consecutive patients undergoing primary TKR by the senior author at our institute. We used TKR system with dished metal backed polyethylene tibial component. PCL resection was performed in all cases. Pre-operative and post-operative functional assessment were done using knee society clinical scores and Western Ontario and McMaster universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC). All radiographs were assessed using the knee society Roentgenographic scoring system (KSRES). Statistical analysis was performed using paired student t tests. Survivorship was determined using Kaplan-Meier survivorship curves. Results: Mean follow-up was 8 years. Range of motion increased from 75 degrees to 110 degrees.  The knee society pain score increased from 30 to 94. The knee society function score increased from 35 to 75. WOMAC score increased in terms of pain, stiffness and physical function.Conclusions: We conclude that deep dish bearing is a viable option in presence of deficient PCL and provides adequate stability and functional outcome. We need a larger sample size, multicentre trial and longer follow-up to see for complication rate, revision rate and survival

Adaptasi Perkawinan Lintas Agama

This research is a field study on the phenomenon of interfaith marriage, using subjective paradigm-Phenomenology interpretive method and theory of symbolic interaction to identify the types of motifs, adaptation and religious symbols in interfaith marriage. Data collection techniques natural setting, observation, interviews and documentation. The research objective is to explore apamotif interfaith marriage, how adaptations in marriage and religious symbols on families of different religions. The results showed that the pair families of different religions have a motive of love, appearance, comfort, education and the economy, in the adaptation of the marital interfaith marriage portion has a communication climate of consensus, where children married couples of different religions to adapt among married couples that have implications the decision to follow the religion of one parent and or choice in child later handed over to an adult. The authority of the couple in the election decision religion children found their own authority as a husband and wife having legitimacy, had a religious reference. In connection with religious symbols for families of different religions is not a sacred thing. Interfaith families have a high tolerance. Knowledge and strengthening the values ​​of their respective religions encourage the growth of tolerance and high empathy