44,741 research outputs found
Instanton constraints and renormalization
The renormalization is investigated of one-loop quantum fluctuations around a
constrained instanton in -theory with negative coupling. It is found
that the constraint should be renormalized also. This indicates that in general
only renormalizable constraints are permitted.Comment: 29 page
Resources required for exact remote state preparation
It has been shown [M.-Y. Ye, Y.-S. Zhang, and G.-C. Guo, Phys. Rev. A 69,
022310 (2004)] that it is possible to perform exactly faithful remote state
preparation using finite classical communication and any entangled state with
maximal Schmidt number. Here we give an explicit procedure for performing this
remote state preparation. We show that the classical communication required for
this scheme is close to optimal for remote state preparation schemes of this
type. In addition we prove that it is necessary that the resource state have
maximal Schmidt number.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figur
A Formal Framework for Concrete Reputation Systems
In a reputation-based trust-management system, agents maintain information about the past behaviour of other agents. This information is used to guide future trust-based decisions about interaction. However, while trust management is a component in security decision-making, many existing reputation-based trust-management systems provide no formal security-guarantees. In this extended abstract, we describe a mathematical framework for a class of simple reputation-based systems. In these systems, decisions about interaction are taken based on policies that are exact requirements on agents’ past histories. We present a basic declarative language, based on pure-past linear temporal logic, intended for writing simple policies. While the basic language is reasonably expressive (encoding e.g. Chinese Wall policies) we show how one can extend it with quantification and parameterized events. This allows us to encode other policies known from the literature, e.g., ‘one-out-of-k’. The problem of checking a history with respect to a policy is efficient for the basic language, and tractable for the quantified language when policies do not have too many variables
A Logical Framework for Reputation Systems
Reputation systems are meta systems that record, aggregate and distribute information about the past behaviour of principals in an application. Typically, these applications are large-scale open distributed systems where principals are virtually anonymous, and (a priori) have no knowledge about the trustworthiness of each other. Reputation systems serve two primary purposes: helping principals decide whom to trust, and providing an incentive for principals to well-behave. A logical policy-based framework for reputation systems is presented. In the framework, principals specify policies which state precise requirements on the past behaviour of other principals that must be fulfilled in order for interaction to take place. The framework consists of a formal model of behaviour, based on event structures; a declarative logical language for specifying properties of past behaviour; and efficient dynamic algorithms for checking whether a particular behaviour satisfies a property from the language. It is shown how the framework can be extended in several ways, most notably to encompass parameterized events and quantification over parameters. In an extended application, it is illustrated how the framework can be applied for dynamic history-based access control for safe execution of unknown and untrusted programs
Local noise can enhance entanglement teleportation
Recently we have considered two-qubit teleportation via mixed states of four
qubits and defined the generalized singlet fraction. For single-qubit
teleportation, Badziag {\em et al.} [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 62}, 012311 (2000)] and
Bandyopadhyay [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 65}, 022302 (2002)] have obtained a family of
entangled two-qubit mixed states whose teleportation fidelity can be enhanced
by subjecting one of the qubits to dissipative interaction with the environment
via an amplitude damping channel. Here, we show that a dissipative interaction
with the local environment via a pair of time-correlated amplitude damping
channels can enhance fidelity of entanglement teleportation for a class of
entangled four-qubit mixed states. Interestingly, we find that this enhancement
corresponds to an enhancement in the quantum discord for some states.Comment: 10 page
Quantum channel detection
We present a method to detect properties of quantum channels, assuming that
some a priori information about the form of the channel is available. The
method is based on a correspondence with entanglement detection methods for
multipartite density matrices based on witness operators. We first illustrate
the method in the case of entanglement breaking channels and non separable
random unitary channels, and show how it can be implemented experimentally by
means of local measurements. We then study the detection of non separable maps
and show that for pairs of systems of dimension higher than two the detection
operators are not the same as in the random unitary case, highlighting a richer
separability structure of quantum channels with respect to quantum states.
Finally we consider the set of PPT maps, developing a technique to reveal NPT
maps.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, published versio
Many-body entanglement: Permutations and equivalence classes
With an easily applicable criterion based on permutation symmetries of
(identically prepared) replicas of quantum states we identify distinct
entanglement classes in high-dimensional multi- partite systems. The different
symmetry properties of inequivalent states provide a rather intuitive picture
of the otherwise very abstract classification of many-body entangled states.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figur
Follow up on the crystal growth experiments of the LDEF
The results of the 4 solution growth experiments on the LDEF have been published elsewhere. Both the crystals of CaCO3, which were large and well shaped, and the much smaller TTF-TCNQ crystals showed unusual morphological behavior. The follow up on these experiments was begun in 1981, when ESA initiated a 'Concept Definition Study' on a large, 150 kg, Solution Growth Facility (SGF) to be included in the payload of EURECA-1, the European Retrievable Carrier. This carrier was a continuation of the European Spacelab and at that time planned for launch in 1987. The long delay of the LDEF retrieval and of subsequent missions brought about reflections both on the concept of crystal growth in space and on the choice of crystallization materials that had been made for the LDEF. Already before the LDEF retrieval, research on TTF-TCNQ had been stopped, and a planned growth experiment with TTF-TCNQ on the SGF/EURECA had been cancelled. The target of the SGF investigation is now more fundamental in nature. None of the crystals to be grown here are, like TTF-TCNQ, in particular demand by science or industry, and the crystals only serve the purpose of model crystals. The real purpose of the investigation is to study the growth behavior. One of the experiments, the Soret Coefficient Measurement experiment is not growing crystals at all, but has it as its sole purpose to obtain accurate information on thermal diffusion, a process of importance in crystal growth from solution
Simulating a single qubit channel using a mixed state environment
We analyze the class of single qubit channels with the environment modeled by
a one-qubit mixed state. The set of affine transformations for this class of
channels is computed analytically, employing the canonical form for the
two-qubit unitary operator. We demonstrate that, 3/8 of the generalized
depolarizing channels can be simulated by the one-qubit mixed state environment
by explicitly obtaining the shape of the volume occupied by this class of
channels within the tetrahedron representing the generalized depolarizing
channels. Further, as a special case, we show that the two-Pauli Channel cannot
be simulated by a one-qubit mixed state environment.Comment: Published version with minor change
- …