765 research outputs found
Low-energy electron diffraction study of potassium adsorbed on single-crystal graphite and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite
Potassium adsorption on graphite has been a model system for the understanding of the interaction of alkali
metals with surfaces. The geometries of the s232d structure of potassium on both single-crystal graphite
(SCG) and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) were investigated for various preparation conditions for
graphite temperatures between 55 and 140 K. In all cases, the geometry was found to consist of K atoms in the
hollow sites on top of the surface. The K-graphite average perpendicular spacing is 2.79±0.03 Å, corresponding
to an average C-K distance of 3.13±0.03 Å, and the spacing between graphite planes is consistent with the
bulk spacing of 3.35 Å. No evidence was observed for a sublayer of potassium. The results of dynamical LEED studies for the clean SCG and HOPG surfaces indicate that the surface structures of both are consistent with the truncated bulk structure of graphite
Stacking of large interferometric data sets in the image- and uv-domain -- a comparative study
We present a new algorithm for stacking radio interferometric data in the
uv-domain. The performance of uv-stacking is compared to the stacking of fully
imaged data using simulated Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array
(ALMA) and the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) deep extragalactic
surveys. We find that image- and uv-stacking produce similar results, however,
uv-stacking is typically the more robust method. An advantage of the
uv-stacking algorithm is the availability of uv-data post stacking, which makes
it possible to identify and remove problematic baselines. For deep VLA surveys
uv-stacking yields a signal-to-noise ratio that is up to 20 per cent higher
than image-stacking. Furthermore, we have investigated stacking of resolved
sources with a simulated VLA data set where 1.5" (10-12 kpc at z ~ 1-4) sources
are stacked. We find that uv-stacking, where a model is fitted directly to the
visibilities, significantly improves the accuracy and robustness of the size
estimates. While scientific motivation for this work is studying faint, high-z
galaxies, the algorithm analysed here would also be applicable in other fields
of astronomy. Stacking of radio interferometric data is also expected to play a
big role for future surveys with telescopes such as LOFAR and Square Kilometre
Array (SKA).Comment: 15 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
SPITZER: Accretion in Low Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs in the Lambda Orionis Cluster
We present multi-wavelength optical and infrared photometry of 170 previously
known low mass stars and brown dwarfs of the 5 Myr Collinder 69 cluster (Lambda
Orionis). The new photometry supports cluster membership for most of them, with
less than 15% of the previous candidates identified as probable non-members.
The near infrared photometry allows us to identify stars with IR excesses, and
we find that the Class II population is very large, around 25% for stars (in
the spectral range M0 - M6.5) and 40% for brown dwarfs, down to 0.04 Msun,
despite the fact that the H(alpha) equivalent width is low for a significant
fraction of them. In addition, there are a number of substellar objects,
classified as Class III, that have optically thin disks. The Class II members
are distributed in an inhomogeneous way, lying preferentially in a filament
running toward the south-east. The IR excesses for the Collinder 69 members
range from pure Class II (flat or nearly flat spectra longward of 1 micron), to
transition disks with no near-IR excess but excesses beginning within the IRAC
wavelength range, to two stars with excess only detected at 24 micron.
Collinder 69 thus appears to be at an age where it provides a natural
laboratory for the study of primordial disks and their dissipation.Comment: ApJ, in pres
Lattice sites of ion-implanted Li in diamond
Published in: Appl. Phys. Lett. 66 (1995) 2733-2735
citations recorded in [Science Citation Index]
Abstract: Radioactive Li ions were implanted into natural IIa diamonds at temperatures between 100 K and 900 K. Emission channelling patterns of a-particles emitted in the nuclear decay of 8Li (t1/2 = 838 ms) were measured and, from a comparison with calculated emission channelling and blocking effects from Monte Carlo simulations, the lattice sites taken up by the Li ions were quantitatively determined. A fraction of 40(5)% of the implanted Li ions were found to be located on tetrahedral interstitial lattice sites, and 17(5)% on substitutional sites. The fractions of implanted Li on the two lattice sites showed no change with temperature, indicating that Li diffusion does not take place within the time window of our measurements.
Ectomycorrhizal root tips in relation to site and stand characteristics in Norway spruce and Scots pine stands in boreal forests
Confirmation of Parity Violation in the Gamma Decay of
This paper reports measurements using the technique of On Line Nuclear
Orientation (OLNO) which reexamine the gamma decay of isomeric Hf and specifically the 501 keV 8 -- 6
transition. The irregular admixture of E2 to M2/E3 multipolarity in this
transition, deduced from the forward-backward asymmetry of its angular
distribution, has for decades stood as the prime evidence for parity mixing in
nuclear states. The experiment, based on ion implantation of the newly
developed mass-separated Hf beam at ISOLDE, CERN into an
iron foil maintained at millikelvin temperatures, produces higher degrees of
polarization than were achieved in previous studies of this system. The value
found for the E2/M2 mixing ratio, = -0.0324(16)(17), is in close
agreement with the previous published average value = - 0.030(2), in
full confirmation of the presence of the irregular E2 admixture in the 501 keV
transition. The temperature dependence of the forward-backward asymmetry has
been measured over a more extended range of nuclear polarization than
previously possible, giving further evidence for parity mixing of the 8 and 8 levels and the deduced E2/M2 mixing ratio.Comment: 28 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review
A LEED structural analysis of the Co(100) surface
The structure of the clean Co(1010) surface has been analysed by LEED. Application of a recently developed computational scheme reveals the prevalence of the termination A in which the two topmost layers exhibit a narrow spacing of 0.62 Å, corresponding to a 12.8(±0.5)% contraction with respect to the bulk value, while the spacing between the second and third layer is slightly expanded by 0.8(±0.2)%
Doping Evolution of the Underlying Fermi Surface in La2-xSrxCuO4
We have performed a systematic doping dependent study of
LaSrCuO (LSCO) (0.030.3) by angle-resolved
photoemission spectroscopy. In the entire doping range, the underlying ``Fermi
surface" determined from the low energy spectral weight approximately satisfies
Luttinger's theorem, even down to the lightly-doped region. This is in strong
contrast to the result on CaNaCuOCl (Na-CCOC), which shows
a strong deviation from Luttinger's theorem. The differences between LSCO and
Na-CCOC are correlated with the different behaviors of the chemical potential
shift and spectral weight transfer induced by hole doping.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Topical Review on "Beta-beams"
Neutrino physics is traversing an exciting period, after the important
discovery that neutrinos are massive particles, that has implications from
high-energy physics to cosmology. A new method for the production of intense
and pure neutrino beams has been proposed recently: the ``beta-beam''. It
exploits boosted radioactive ions decaying through beta-decay. This novel
concept has been the starting point for a new possible future facility. Its
main goal is to address the crucial issue of the existence of CP violation in
the lepton sector. Here we review the status and the recent developments with
beta-beams. We discuss the original, the medium and high-energy scenarios as
well as mono-chromatic neutrino beams produced through ion electron-capture.
The issue of the degeneracies is mentioned. An overview of low energy
beta-beams is also presented. These beams can be used to perform experiments of
interest for nuclear structure, for the study of fundamental interactions and
for nuclear astrophysics.Comment: Topical Review for Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle
Physics, published version, minor corrections, references adde
Testing Rotational Mixing Predictions with New Boron Abundances in Main Sequence B-type Stars
(Abridged) New boron abundances for seven main-sequence B-type stars are
determined from HST STIS spectroscopy around the BIII 2066A line. Boron
abundances provide a unique and critical test of stellar evolution models that
include rotational mixing since boron is destroyed in the surface layers of
stars through shallow mixing long before other elements are mixed from the
stellar interior through deep mixing. Boron abundances range from 12+log(B/H) =
1.0 to 2.2. The boron abundances are compared to the published values of their
stellar nitrogen abundances (all have 12+log(N/H) < 7.8, i.e., they do not show
significant CNO-mixing) and to their host cluster ages (4 to 16 Myr) to
investigate the predictions from models of massive star evolution with
rotational mixing effects (Heger & Langer 2000). Only three stars (out of 34)
deviate from the model predictions, including HD36591, HD205021, and HD30836.
These three stars suggest that rotational mixing could be more efficient than
currently modelled at the highest rotation rates.Comment: 10 figures, 7 tables; accepted for publication in the Astrophysical
Journa
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